elbow (final)

Question 1

what is the true elbow joint?

Answer 1

• humeral ulnar

Question 2

name the muscles that associate with the elbow in the upper arm?

Answer 2

• F biceps tendon
• F long and short head of biceps
• P triceps tendon
• P 3 muscles of triceps.

Question 3

1. where do the extensors originate? 2. where do flexors originate?

Answer 3

1. extensors originate on the lateral epicondyle.
2. flexors originate on the medical epicondyle.

Question 4

what is a olecranon bursitis?

Answer 4

• this is a direct blow on the posterior elbow, when falling to the ground and the elbow hits the ground, which is a result of fluid building up.

Question 5

s/s for olecranon bursitis?

Answer 5

• pain
• rapid swelling
• limited ROM

Question 6

management for olecranon bursitis?

Answer 6

• PIER
• NSAIDS
• if swelling persists then see a physician to aspirate the bursa.

Question 7

MOI for elbow sprains?

Answer 7

• FOOSH
• hyperextension of the elbow
• repetitive stresses.

Question 8

s/s of a sprain in the elbow?

Answer 8

• jt tenderness
• Pain w/ PROM & AROM
• jt laxity (+ valgus or varus stress test)
• swelling and limited motion.

Question 9

managements for elbow sprains?

Answer 9

• PIER
• NSAIDS
• taping or bracing.

Question 10

what is a ulnar collateral ligament injury?

Answer 10

• this is a injury that results from a valgus force due to repetitive trauma.

Question 11

MOI of UCL injury?

Answer 11

• ulnar nerve inflammation
• wrist extensor tendinitis
• overuse flexor/pronator strain

Question 12

s/s of UCL sprain?

Answer 12

• pain along medial aspect of the elbow, tenderness over UCL
• • tinels sign (paresthesia)
• pain w/ valgus stress test @ 20 degrees

Question 13

management for a UCL sprain?

Answer 13

• conservative treatment w/ RICE & NSAIDS.
• can resolve with strengthen ing of flexors and pronators.
• last resort Tommy John surgery. (palmaris longs muscle is removed to recreate UCL)

Question 14

what is a MOI for elbow dislocation?

Answer 14

• FOOSH
• elbow forced into hyperextension.
  severe torsion or varus or valgus force at the elbow when it is in a fixed position

Question 15

name 3 ways a elbow dislocation bone can be displaced?

Answer 15

• anterior
• posterior
• laterally

Question 16

what is a elbow dislocation?

Answer 16

• this is where the ulna will come out of the humeral ulnar joint after or posteriorly or laterally.

Question 17

s/s of elbow dislocations?

Answer 17

• swelling
• severe pain
• check that radial pulse is still present.

Question 18

what are complication / things that could develop due to a elbow dislocation?

Answer 18

• myositis ossificans and calcification of tissue around the jt.
• decreased ROM from scar tissue
• ulnar nerve entrapment by scar tissue.
• damaged arteries and nerves
• possible # of radial head.

Question 19

what is elbow osteochondritis dissecans?

Answer 19

• degeneration of the articular cartilage in the elbow. the cartilage has been torn apart.
• this is seen in young throwing athletes.

Question 20

what is a MOI for elbow OCD?

Answer 20

• repetitive micro trauma w/ movements of rotation, extension, valgus stress causing compression of the radial head and shearing of the radiocapitular jt.

Question 21

s/s of OCD of the elbow?

Answer 21

• sudden pain
• locking
• swelling
• crepitus
• decreased ROM

Question 22

management of OCD elbow?

Answer 22

• activity restriction for 6-12 wks.
• NSAIDS
• splint or cast in severe cases
• possible surgery.

Question 23

3 fractures of the elbow/ forearm?

Answer 23

• distal humerus
• proximal radius
• proximal ulna

Question 24

what is volkmann’s ischemic contracture?

Answer 24

• disruption to the blood vessels and nerves. this is also a complication of a elbow fracture.

Question 25

what deformity would you notice of someone with volkmann's ischemic contracture?

Answer 25

- wrist and the proximal finger joints are in extension. - distal finger joints in flexion.

Question 26

s/s of someone with volkmann's ischemic contracture?

Answer 26

- pain in forearm increased w/ passive extension of the fingers. - pain is followed by cessation of brachial and radial pulses.

Question 27

3 forces placed on the forearm from throwing sports?

Answer 27

- medial tension - lateral compression - posterior compression

Question 28

overuse in throwing during adolescence growth period is. known as what?

Answer 28

little league elbow

Question 29

what is cubital tunnel syndrome?

Answer 29

- ulnar nerve dislocation or subluxation. - this is also due to lax impingement or progressive compression of ligament on the nerve. - repetitive movement to the ulnar nerve

Question 30

s/s of cubital tunnel syndrome?

Answer 30

- pain medial which may be referred proximally or distally - tenderness in cubital tunnel on palpation and hyper flexion - intermittent paresthesia in 4 and 5th finger.

Question 31

management of cubital tunnel syndrome?

Answer 31

- rest immobilization for 2 weeks w/ NSAIDS - avoid values and hyper flexion stresses. - possible surgery with subluxation of nerve

Question 32

what is pronator teres syndrome?

Answer 32

- entrapment of the medial nerve. this nerve may become entrapped due to oedema or muscle hypertrophy.

Question 33

s/s of pronator teres syndrome?

Answer 33

- sensory deficits, numbness, tingling, pins & needles in digits 1-4 (half of the fourth digit.) - motor deficits, loss of flexion and weakness.

Question 34

management of pronator teres syndrome?

Answer 34

- rest NSAIDS - modified activity.

Question 35

Bursa of the elbow

Question 36

Function of elbow/muscles