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Biomech 4 midterm 2 > Knee 5 > Flashcards

Knee 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What happens to the medial and lateral menisci with internal rotation?

A

Medial- rotates anterior and is more prominent in anterior part of the medial joint line. Lateral- moves posterior and deepr within the joint thus the lateral joint line deepens. MORE PRESSURE IS EXERTED ON THE MEDIAL MENISCUS WITH INTERNAL ROTATION.

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2
Q

What happens to the medial and lateral menisci with external rotation?

A

Medial- joint deepens. Lateral- rotates anterior into the anterolateral joint line. PRODUCES MORE PRESSURE ON THE LATERAL MENISCUS.

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3
Q

Abnormal movements of the menisci with fixation leads to what?

A

Meniscal tears.

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4
Q

How can you prevent abnormal movements of the menisci with fixation?

A

Adjustments.

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5
Q

What is the stress test that will test for movements/changes with VARUS and VALGUS?

A

Bohlers test.

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6
Q

How is VARUS tested?

A

Pinches medial meniscus and tractions lateral meniscus thru coronary ligaments.

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7
Q

How is the VALGUS test done?

A

Pinches lateral meniscus and tractions medial meniscus thru medial collateral and coronary ligaments.

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8
Q

The potential for injury with the menisci is with what movement?

A

Any movement and creates a snap.

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9
Q

What are the common mechanisms of injury for the menisci?

A

Deep flexion, hyperextension, external rotation and valgus stress.

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10
Q

What is the old unhappy triad?

A

A severe knee injury involving damge to the medial meniscus, ACL, and MCL.

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11
Q

What is the new unhappy triad?

A

A severe knee injury involving damge to the medial meniscus, ACL, and LCL.

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12
Q

What is the healing of menisci like?

A

Poor healers since they are made of fibrocartilage and are mostly avascular.

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13
Q

What is the blood flow like to the menisci?

A

Mainly avascular besides the outer 1/3 in young and healthy. If older and not healthy the outer menisci is more fibrous.

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14
Q

Where will nutrients for the menisci come from?

A

Synovial fluid.

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15
Q

What part of the menisci is most poorly supplied with blood?

A

Central portions especially the posterior horns.

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16
Q

What is the innervation of the menisci like?

A

Outer part of meniscus with pain and proprioception @ junction with deep capsule.

17
Q

What happens to the menisci with age?

A

decreased vascularization, increased wear and tear, increased friability.

18
Q

Name the two collateral ligaments and both of their names?

A

Medial collateral ligament (MCL) aka tibial collateral ligament (TCL), Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) aka Fibular collateral ligament (FCL).

19
Q

What ligament is posterior to the LCL?

A

Poplitiofibular ligament (PFL).

20
Q

Where will the LCL attach to?

A

Lateral femoral epicondyle and fibular head.

21
Q

The LCL primarily resists what?

A

Varus stress.

22
Q

what are the 2 sprain mechanisms of the LCL?

A

Large varus stress and hyperextension.

23
Q

Where will the MCL attach to?

A

Medial femoral epicondyle and medial tibial condyle and shaft.

24
Q

The MCL primarily resists what?

A

Valgus stress.

25
Q

What are the 2 sprain mechanismis of the MCL?

A

Valgus stess and hyperextension.

26
Q

Which ligament is larger the LCL or MCL?

A

Medial is larger.

27
Q

Which ligament is damaged more the LCL or MCL?

A

MCL.

28
Q

What will medial and lateral rotation do to the collateral ligaments?

A

medial- decreases tension on them. Lateral- increases tension on them.

29
Q

What are the 3 parts to the posteromedial capsular complex of the knee?

A
  1. Posterior part of MCL. 2. Semimembranosis tendon and tendon expansion. 3. Oblique popliteal ligament.
30
Q

What will the posteromedial capsular complex of the knee resist?

A

Hyperextension, anterior translation, valgus stress, extremes of lateral tibial rotation.

Biomech 4 midterm 2 (10 decks)

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