knee 1

Question 1

What is the largest joint of the knee complex?

Answer 1

The tibiofemoral joint.

Question 2

Name the 3 joints of the knee and what type of joint they are?

Answer 2

Tibiofemoral- complex joint, patellofemoral- compound joint, proximal tibiofibular- simple joint.

Question 3

The knee complex is the most common site of what type of impairment?

Answer 3

Permanent.

Question 4

There are large forces at what 2 joints in the knee complex and this is due to what?

Answer 4

Tibiofemoral and patellofemoral due to very long levers.

Question 5

What is the posterior compartment of the knee and what is the anterior compartment of the knee?

Answer 5

Posterior- tibiofemoral joint. Anterior- Patellofemoral joint.

Question 6

What are the femoral condyles like?

Answer 6

Egg shaped and separted by a fossa.

Question 7

Will the radius of the femoral condyles be larger anterior or posterior?

Answer 7

Anterior

Question 8

What will the significance of egg shaped femoral condlyes be?

Answer 8

They will need a variable socket to articulate with the tibia and that is what the menisci are for.

Question 9

What is conjoint rotation of the knee?

Answer 9

Screw home mechanism which is external rotation seen in the last few degrees of knee extension.

Question 10

Conjoint rotation pivots around what?

Answer 10

The lateral femoral condyles during extension.

Question 11

What femoral condyles have what type of angulation and why?

Answer 11

Posterior angulation to increase flexion and decrease extension of the knee

Question 12

What will valgus and varus mean?

Answer 12

Valgus- distal part bent outward, knocked kneed. Varus- distal part bent inward, bowlegged.

Question 13

Which femoral condyle will have the longer larger articulare surface? Why?

Answer 13

Medial. It allows for conjoint rotation.

Question 14

The medial femoral condyle will also have a larger epicondyle, but why?

Answer 14

This will affect the axis of the knee.

Question 15

What will the angle of the medial femoral condyle be like?

Answer 15

It will be more oblique than the lateral.

Question 16

Which femoral condyle will extend more distally and what can this lead to?

Answer 16

Medial and this causes valgus of the knee.

Question 17

What is the pivot point of conjoint rotation?

Answer 17

The shorter smaller articular surface of the lateral femoral condyle.

Question 18

What will the angle of the lateral femoral condyle be like?

Answer 18

Less oblique A-P.

Question 19

The tibial femoral rotation of the skrew home mechanism happens when?

Answer 19

The last 15-0 degrees of extension of the knee.

Question 20

What is femoral torsion?

Answer 20

anetversion ( degree to which an anatomical structure is rotated forwards (towards the front of the body) or backwards (towards the back of the body) respectively, relative to some datum position)

Question 21

What is the normal femoral torsion or anteversion?

Answer 21

10-20 degrees.

Question 22

What is an anteverted femur?

Answer 22

one rotated forward more than 20 degrees.

Question 23

What will an anteverted femurs impact be on the knee?

Answer 23

Medial orientation.

Question 24

What is a medial orentation of the the patella aka?

Answer 24

Squinting patella.

Question 25

What is a common compensation for a anteverted femur?

Answer 25

Genu valgum.

Question 26

What is a retroverted femur?

Answer 26

One that has femoral torsion or anteversion of 10 degrees or less.

Question 27

What is the impact on the knee for a retroverted femur?

Answer 27

Lateral orientation.

Question 28

What is the common compensation for a retroverted femur?

Answer 28

Genu varum.

Question 29

What is the superior surface of the tibial condyles like?

Answer 29

Flat with tibial spines.

Question 30

What is the purpose of the tibial spines?

Answer 30

Attachment site for ACL and menisci, and to resist side to side translation and rotation.