Knee 2

Question 1

What are the tibial facets on the tibial plateau like?

Answer 1

Flat they are not concave.

Question 2

Which tibial facet is larger medial or lateral?

Answer 2

Medial is larger.

Question 3

What is the angle of the proximal tibia like? Why?

Answer 3

Posterior angulation. To increase flexion ROM.

Question 4

What is tibial torsion like?

Answer 4

External.

Question 5

Where is the patellar surface of the femur at?

Answer 5

The anterior distal femur. Anterior to condyles.

Question 6

What is the patellar surface of the femur like?

Answer 6

It has a medial facet/lip a lateral facet/lip and a cdentral groove.

Question 7

Which facet/lip of the anterior distal femur is bigger? Why?

Answer 7

Lateral because the patella wants to go laterally and this keeps it from displacing.

Question 8

What is the anterior distal part of the femur (facets/lips) lined with?

Answer 8

Hyaline cartilage.

Question 9

What is the main function of the patella?

Answer 9

Increase angular pull of quadraceps (increase leverage at extension).

Question 10

What is the shape of the patella like?

Answer 10

Triangular with the apex pointing down.

Question 11

What is the posterior part of the patella like?

Answer 11

Medial and lateral facet with a central ridge, and once and a while there will also be an odd medial facet.

Question 12

What is the purpose of the central ridge on the patella?

Answer 12

makes bone more wedge shaped.

Question 13

What will cause the patella to have the odd medial facet?

Answer 13

repeated or sustained deep flexion.

Question 14

What is the cartilage of the patella like and why?

Answer 14

The thickest cartilage in the body due to highest compression and shear forces on the body.

Question 15

What represents the pull of the quads?

Answer 15

The patellofemoral Q angle.

Question 16

How is the patellofemoral Q angle measured?

Answer 16

First line goes from ASIS to center of the tibia. Second line goes from center of the patella to the tibial tuberosity. Then measure the angle.

Question 17

What is the normal range for the patellofemoral Q angle?

Answer 17

5-15 degrees with a mean of 10 degrees.

Question 18

The patellofemoral Q angle affects what?

Answer 18

The tendency of the patella to track laterally.

Question 19

What is the patellofemoral ratio?

Answer 19

A ratio of distance; tibial tuberosity to patellar apex: Patellar apex to base.

Question 20

What is a normal patellofemoral ratio?

Answer 20

one

Question 21

When would the patellofemoral ratio be considered low and what is this known as?

Answer 21

less than 0.8 aka Baja.

Question 22

When would the patellofemoral ratio be considered high and what is this known as?

Answer 22

More than 1.2 and this is aka alta.

Question 23

What will a Warberg, magna and parva patella mean?

Answer 23

Warberg- too wedge shaped. Magna- too large. Parva- too small.

Question 24

What will functionally increase and decrease the patellofemoral Q angle?

Answer 24

Increase- lateral/external rotation of the tibia. Decrease- medial/internal rotation of the tibia.

Question 25

What will excessive foot flare do to the Q angle?

Answer 25

Increase the Q angle and lead to an unstable patella.

Question 26

When will the patella be less stable with extension or flexion? Why?

Answer 26

Less stable with extension. Due to shallower groove.

Question 27

What muscle was mentioned that if weak will make the patella less stable?

Answer 27

VMO. Also mentioned the medial retinaculum.

Question 28

What muscle was mentioned that if too tight will make the patella less stable?

Answer 28

Vastus lateralis or ITB.

Question 29

Will genu vagum or varum make the patella less stable?

Answer 29

vagum