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Kines Final Exam > Knee > Flashcards

Knee Flashcards

1
Q

the study of forces acting on moving bodies

A

dynamics

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2
Q

tibiofemoral joint is what kind

A

modified hinge

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3
Q

patellofemoral is what kind of joint

A

synovial plane

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4
Q

the knee needs both ? and ?

A

stability and mobility

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5
Q

which femoral condyle is bigger

A

medial

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6
Q

which tibial plateau is bigger

A

medial

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7
Q

tibial lateau slopes posteriorly how many degrees?

A

7-10 degrees

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8
Q

the hardest form of CT

A

bone

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9
Q

3 main functions of bone

A

framework
lever system
protects viscera

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10
Q

compact bone is aka

A

cortical bone

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11
Q

spongy bone is aka

A

cancellous bone

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12
Q

Wolff’s law

A

the change in bone shape (form) to match function

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13
Q

% turnover in cancellous bone

A

25%

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14
Q

% turnover in cortical bone per year

A

3%

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15
Q

normal anatomical angle of femur and tibia

A

valgus angle of 185 degrees

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16
Q

angle greater than 185 is known as

A

genu valgus

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17
Q

angle smaller than 175 degrees known as

A

genu varus

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18
Q

bow legs

A

genu varum

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19
Q

knocked knees

A

genu valgum

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20
Q

how is weight distributed bilateral stance?

A

equally distributed between medial and lateral condyles

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21
Q

how does weight bearing line shift during unilateral stance?

A

toward the medial side to account for smaller BOS below COM (at toes)

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22
Q

the medial shift during unilateral stance does what to medial compartment

A

increases compressive forces

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23
Q

The femur sustains compressive force of ????? times body weight when standingon one leg.

A

1.8 to 2.7

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24
Q

The medial shift increases compressive stresses medially and ? laterally

A

increases tensile stresses laterally

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25
Q

genu valgum shifts WB line onto ? and ?

A

lateral compartment and and increases lateral compressive forces

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26
Q

The part outside the cells
•  Almost the entire volume of the tissue
•  Determines the function
•  Contains mainly proteins and water

A

extracellular matrix

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27
Q

fibrillar component of CT has

A

collagen and elastin

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28
Q

interfibrillar component of CT has

A

water, glycoproteins and proteoglycans

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29
Q
  • distribute joint loads over as large an area as
    possible
    –  allow contact and movement between two bony surfaces with minimal friction and wear

main functions of?

A

cartilage

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30
Q

primary component of cartilage

A

water

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31
Q

joint cartilage is?

A

avascular

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32
Q

deepest portions of cartilage are fed by

A

capillaries from subchondral bone

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33
Q

the rest of the cartilage is fed by

A

diffusion

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34
Q

3 types of cartilage

A

hyaline
fibrocartilage
elastic

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35
Q

found in synovial joints

extremely low friction

A

hyaline cartilage

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36
Q

repair material
higher friction than synovial joint cartilage
menisci

A

fibrocartilage

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37
Q

maintains shape of structures

ex] ear

A

elastic cartilage

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38
Q

C shaped

A

medial menisci

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39
Q

shaped almost as a complete ring

A

lateral meniscus

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40
Q

the strong attachments of the menisci prevent them from being ? during ? of the tibiofemoral joint

A

squeezed out

compression

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41
Q

the menisci allow for

A

greater contact area at the knee joint and less stress

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42
Q

attaches to MCL, PCL, ACL a little

A

medial meniscus

43
Q

attaches to ACL, PCL, femur and popliteus

A

lateral meniscus

44
Q

How is cartilaginous compressibility affected by the rate of loading?

A

with rapid loading, the cartilage becomes stiffer

45
Q

force applied is the same over time

known as?

A

creep

46
Q

molecules that attract/soak up water
–  allow for nutrient delivery in connective tissue
–  water imbibing swells tissues and gives them stiffness (like a water balloon)

A

glycosaminoglycans (GAG)

47
Q

excessive compressive forces create

A

a shear force

48
Q

obesity
repetitive loading
joint instability
rapid loading

mechanical factors that cause?

A

OA

49
Q

what type of exercise increases fluid flow in and out of cartilage

A

ROM exercises

50
Q

this type/intensity of exercise increases GAG count which increases tensile strength

A

moderate exercise

51
Q

2 layers of joint capsule

A 
stratum fibrosum (outside)
stratum synovium (inside)
52
Q

poor vascularization

rich innervation

A

stratum fibrosum

53
Q

function: position and movement sense

A

stratum fibrosum layer

54
Q

rich vascularization

poor innervation

A

stratum synovium

55
Q

function: produce synovial fluid

A

stratum synovium

56
Q

you need rich innervation to?

A

sense proprioception

57
Q

large and lax

A

knee joint

58
Q

? in capsule important for stability

A

mechanoreceptors

59
Q

synovial folds not absorbed during development

A

patellar plica

60
Q

the fibrous joint capsule provides..?

A

passive support for the joint

61
Q

capsular thickenings

A

ligaments

62
Q

the MCL portions

A

superficial and deep

63
Q

MCL resists

A

valgus force

lateral rotation

64
Q

MCL is tight in

A

full extension

65
Q

LCL is joined by

A

biceps femoris muscle

66
Q

LCL is NOT

A

a thickening of the capsule

67
Q

resists varus force

medial and lateral rotation

A

LCL

68
Q

lig with high injury rate

A

ACL

69
Q

resists anterior translation of tibia on femur

A

ACL

70
Q

secondary role: provide rotary stability and resistance to valgus and varus stresses

A

ACL

71
Q

both bundles of ACL are on slack when?

A

30 degrees of flexion

72
Q

what muscles produce anterior shear

A

quads and gastroc

73
Q

what muscles produce posterior shear

A

hamstrings when WB soleus

74
Q

Shorter and has a greater cross-sectional area compared to ACL

A

PCL

75
Q

resists valgus and varus forces and medial rotation of tibia

A

PCL

76
Q

better at resisting in flexion

A

PCL

77
Q

max posterior displacement of tibia occurs at

A

75-90 degrees

78
Q

arcuate ligament resists

A

varus force

79
Q

IT band attached where

A

gerdy’s tubercle

80
Q

taut regardless of hip or knee position

A

IT band

81
Q

does IT band contract? why?

A

no, its more of a passive structure

82
Q

Refers to the rotary movement of the

bones in space during physiological joint motion

A

osteokinematics

83
Q

flexion and extension in saggital plane

around x-axis

A

osteokinematics

84
Q

accessory motion

A

arthrokinematics

85
Q

roll, slide, spin

A

arthrokinematics

86
Q

Convex on fixed concave, motion?

A

opposite

87
Q

concave on fixed convex, motion is?

A

same direction

88
Q

PROM flexion

A

130-140 degrees

89
Q

WB flexion ROM

A

160 degrees

90
Q

gait ROM

A

60-70 degrees of flexion

91
Q

PROM extension

A

5 degrees (hyperextension)

92
Q

excessive knee extension- more than 5 degrees

A

genu recurvatum

93
Q

one end of segment is free to move inspace

A

open chain

94
Q

Both end of segment or set of segments are constrained

A

closed chain

95
Q

When a force acts on an object it produces

A

deformation

96
Q

Force per unit area

–  Dealing with tensile load

A

stress

97
Q

Elongation per unit length in response totensile load
•  Change in length/original length
•  Expressed as %

A

strain

98
Q

patella shifts ? during early flexion

A

medially

99
Q

With more knee flexion, what happened to the patella?

A

compressive forces increase

100
Q

Due to the oblique angle, the pull of the quads and the pull of the patellar tendon produce?

A

slight lateral force on patella

101
Q

Angle between ASIS and midpoint of
patella and tibial
tuberosity and mid
patella

A

Q angle

102
Q

normally 10-15 degrees

A

Q angle

103
Q

the study of forces acting on a body at rest or equilibrium

A

statics

Kines Final Exam (7 decks)

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