Klicker Chapter 10 Flashcards
A rigid container which is designed for the encasement of human remains and which is usually constructed of wood, metal, or like material, and ornamented and lined with fabric
Casket (FTC)
A case or receptacle in which human remains are placed for protection, practical utility, and a suitable memory picture
Casket
Any box or container of one or more parts in which a dead human body is placed prior to interment, entombment or cremation which may or may not be permanently interred, entombed, or cremated with the dead human remains
Casket
A case or receptacle for dead human remains which is anthropoidal in shape
Coffin
The forerunner of today’s casket
Coffin
In the ________ this octagon shaped wooden container was built either by the deceased’s family or by cabinet makers
17th century
What started the metal casket industry?
Fesk Metallic Coffins
In what year did Fesk Metallic Coffins start the metal casket industry?
1848
Wood dominated casket construction until
Late 1800s
A natural material that provides a beautiful and warm appearances
Wood
Various staining and finishing techniques may enhance
Grain patterns
Wood that comes from trees that lose their leaves annually (deciduous trees)
Hardwood
Close-grained resistant wood, usually more expensive
Hardwood
Wood from cone bearing trees (coniferous)
Lighter and more easily cut
Softwood
Constructed by hand and are later hand finished
Milled Components
Generally, lumber is first air dried for an average of
One to six months
Air drying the lumber for one to six months reduces the moisture content to about
35%
The lumber is pre-dried up to
28 days
Pre-drying the lumber up to 28 days further reduces the moisture content to about
20%
After pre-drying the lumber up to 28 days, the lumber is then kil dried for
4-7 days
Kiln drying reduces moisture to
5-6%
Characterized by its smooth, thin layered bark
Birch
Lumber harvested from this tree is a closed grain, heavy white wood
Birch
A durable wood often seen in kitchen cabinetry
Birch
Birch will accept a
Variety of stains
Another white, closed grained wood that is often stained in a red hue
Cherry
A high gloss finish complements the rich appearance of this attractive species
Cherry
Considered the premier hardwood by many, this is one of the more expensive species used in casket construction
Mahogany
Imported from Central America and sometimes Africa
Mahogany
A fine grained hardwood that is reddish brown in appearance
Mahogany
A light, closed grained wood that may be finished in any stain
Maple
Consumers are familiar with this wood as it is found in furniture and bowling alley lanes
Maple
Known for its strength and durability, this is a popular light colored hardwood
Oak
Both red and white ___ caskets have comprised approximately one-third of all hardwood caskets sold in the US
Oak
Consumers are familiar with this as a structural component of furniture, home interior trim, and wood flooring
Oak
An expensive wood found in few hardwood caskets
Walnut
A brown wood that is decreasing in popularity due to the high cost of raw lumber
Walnut
Represents approximately 2% of all hardwood casket sales
Walnut
Rarely used today in the manufacture of furniture
Walnut
An abundant resource in the US
Pine
Light colored soft wood noted for its twig knots which provide an attractive feature for many consumers
Pine
A softwood that varies in grain pattern
Pine
Its relative low cost makes it an attractive choice in wood caskets
Pine
A number of woods originate from this genus of trees
Populus
Commonspecies of the Populus genus are
Poplar, cottonwood, tulip tree, willow, and salix
Found in the eastern and central US and is noted for its rapid growth and luxuriant foliage
Poplar
A soft white wood and will adapt to most any type of stain
Poplar
A casket constructed from many different species of wood sometimes referred to a salix or willow
Selected Hardwood (Salix)
Gluing together sheets of different materials. Occasionally, wood caskets may be covered with this
Laminate
May be described as a thin covering or layer over a thick base material
Laminate
Often, this is of finer quality than the inexpensive base
Laminate
The purpose of this is to provide a rich appearance without the high cost of using the solid raw material throughout the casket shell
Wood Veneer
Man made or artificial laminates, such as vinyl, adhered to a wood or wood by-product base material
Artificial Veneer
Tend to be inexpensive and provide an alternative to traditional wood and metal caskets
Artificial Veneers
A cardboard often used to construct lightweight, inexpensive caskets
Corrugated fiberboard
Sometimes, caskets made of this material are marketed as alternative containers or caskets for direct dispositions
Corrugated fiberboard
Particles of wood bonded together with waterproof glue; the different types are distinguished by the size of the particles of wood used
Composition Board
This sheets of wood glued together so that the grains are at right angles to one another; an odd number of sheets will be used so that the grain on the front and back will always run the same direction
Plywood
The most popular type of casket sold today in the US is
Metal
Any metal formed from iron
Ferrous Metal
A metal alloy consisting mainly of iron and carbon
Steel
Used in caskets, it is low in carbon, which keeps it soft and malleable
Steel
A measurement of thickness of metals
The number of sheets of metal necessary to equal approximately one inch of thickness
Gauge
The lower the gauge, the ________ the metal
Thicker
16 gauge =
1/16th of an inch
20 gauge =
1/20th of an inch
On average, a 19 gauge is ____ thicker than a 20 gauge
16%
On average, a 19 gauge will last __ longer than a 20 gauge when buried in soil
29%
18 gauge is ___ thicker than 20 gauge
33%
18 gauge will last __ longer than 20 gauge when buried in soil
58%
16 gauge is ___ thicker than 20 gauge
67%
16 gauge will last ___ longer than 20 gauge when buried in soil
133%
_________ is the thickest and most durable carbon steel used in the manufacturing of caskets
16 gauge
A metal alloy of steel, chromium, and sometimes nickel which is used in casket construction; noted for its ability to resist rust
Stainless Steel
All grades of stainless steel must have at least ___ to qualify as stainless steel
11% chromium
Stainless steel represents a bridge between
Steel caskets and copper and bronze caskets
Stainless steel offers additional
Corrosion protection
Stainless steel lacks the _______________ of copper and bronze
Longevity
Although there are 40 types of stainless steel on the market, casket manufacturers appear to choose
2 types
This stainless steel contains 11-12% chromium. No nickel is found. Often found in automotive mufflers
400 (often called 409) series
A higher grade stainless steel. Contains 18% chromium and 8% nickel
Highest known alloy content in stainless steel caskets produced today
May be found in fine tableware, sailboat cleats, shackles, and jet engines
300, 304, or austenitic series
Nickel renders steel
Non Magnetic
Steel that has been coated with zinc for increased resistance to rust
Galvanized
Any metal which is not formed from iron
Non-Ferrous Metal
Non-ferrous metal is measured in
Ounces per square foot
These are non-ferrous metals used in casket construction
Copper and Bronze
A casket made from a core of copper metal to which copper ions are deposited by an electrolytic process, forming a seamless unit
Copper Deposit
Copper metal rolled into sheets
Wrought Copper
A metal alloy consisting of 90% copper with tin and sometimes zinc comprising the other 10%
Bronze
Not a natural element, but rather it is a copper alloy that is noted for its strength and ability to resist rust
Bronze
This is stronger and more durable than both copper and steel
Bronze
The higher the numeric value of ounces per square foot, the ___________ the metal
Thicker
Bronze metal rolled into sheets
Wrought Bronze
Molten bronze poured into a mold and allowed to cool
Cast Bronze
A compound similar to plastic
Polymer
Molten metal is poured into a mold forming a seamless unit
Cast
Sheets of metal are pressed by a hydraulic pump in designed forms. The component parts are welded together
Stamped
The component parts that compose the cap (lid) and body of the casket
Shell
The top most part of the casket shell, including the ogee, crown, pie, and header
Cap
An S shaped molding that is a component part of the casket cap
Rim (Ogee)
The uppermost part of the cap, extending from rim to rim; everything above the rim
Crown
The wedge shaped portion of the cap (lid) at each end of the crown
Pie (Fishtail)
The turned under edge or horizontal portion of the rim that comes into contact with the gasket or body ledge flange (top body molding flange)
Rim Flange
Found on cut top of gasketed caskets
Is an integral part of the foot panel header on gasketed caskets
The function is to hold the transverse gasket to seal the space between the head and foot caps
Gasket Channel
That portion of the casket shell containing the top body molding, body panel, base molding, and casket bottom
Body
A molding along the uppermost edge of the body panels
Top Body Molding
The horizontal portion of the top body molding where the gasket is placed on gasketed protective caskets
Top Body Molding Flange
Compose the sides and ends of the casket shell
Body Panels
Molding along the lower most edge of the body panels
Base Molding
The handles, ornamental fixtures and their fittings that are attached to the casket shell
Hardware
A moveable casket handle with a hinged arm. It can be full length, individual, or single
Swing Bar
A non-moveable casket handle. It can be full length, individual, or single
Stationary Bar
A single handle, in which the lug, arm, and bar are combined in one unit
Bail Handle
The part of the casket handle that is attached to the casket body
Lug
That part of the casket handle that attaches the bar to the lug
Arm
That part of the casket handle, attached to the lug or arm, which is grasped by the casket bearer
Bar
The decorative or ornamental part of the casket handle that covers the exposed ends of the bar
Tip
An optional part of the hardware that is attached to the four corners of the body panel
Corner
The most expensive hardware production method in which molten metal is poured into a mold, allowed to cool, and is then removed from the mold
Cast Hardware
A hardware production method of lesser expense whereby the casket hardware sections are pressed on a hydraulic press
Stamped Hardware
A method of molding plastic by injecting molten plastic into a die
Plastic Extrusion Molding
The focal part of the interior, which fills the inside of the crown or uppermost part of the cap
Cap Panel
Casket is fully opened at the head and foot
Full Couch
The casket top is divided into two sections. Only the head section is open
Half Couch
A component part of the casket interior which is inside the head portion of the cap; no distinction is made between the head panel and foot panel in full couch caskets
Head Panel
A component part of the casket interior which is inside the foot portion of the cap
Foot Panel
Functional or ornamental covering that usually covers the foot end of the casket in the full couch casket; may be located at both the head and foot of the full couch casket
Inner Panels
A casket in which the cap is in two pieces; the rim (ogee) and foot panel is one piece which is hinged to the top body molding; and the head panel being the second piece which is hinged to the rim
Single Hinged Panel
A casket in which the rim (ogee), crown, and pies are formed as one unit and which raises as one piece
Perfection Full Couch
A casket in which the rim (ogee) crown, and pies are formed as one unit with a transverse cut in the cap, forming a two-piece lid for the casket
Perfection Half Couch
A component part of the casket interior which lines the rim(ogee) and surrounds the cap panel
Roll (Cove, Puffing)
A strip of metal, plastic, or cloth that is attached to the inside of the panel, covering the area at which point the roll (cove) is anchored
Gimp (fold)
The aesthetic covering for the foot cap or inner foot panel of the casket
Throw (Overlay, Overthrow)
The lining attached to the undersurface of the foot panel of the casket and/or a component part of the throw (overlay), which extends downward into the body of the casket
Apron (Overlay Skirt)
The portion of the casket interior which extends over the top body molding for aesthetic value
Extendover
The portion of the casket upon which the deceased human remains are placed
Bed
Has springs that can be raised or lowered
Adjustable bed
Is not able to be raised or lowered
Stationary Bed
Interior cloth or material which covers that mattress or bedding of the casket
Mattress Cover
Material that drapes the inside perimeter of the body of the casket
Body Lining
That portion of the casket interior covering the hinges that attach the casket cap to the casket body; usually extends from the roll and becomes a part of the body lining
Hinge Cover (Skirt)
A cloth bag filled with soft material used to support the head of the deceased
Pillow
A piece of fabric used to cover the body of a deceased, especially the lower legs and feet when displayed in a full open casket
Blanket
A form of casket interior created by placing the lining material on a metal form, adding weights, steaming that material, and then attaching it to a suitable upholstery (backing) material
Crushed Interior
A style of casket interior in which the material is drawn or gathered in parallel fashion in a particular sewing process
Shirred Interior
A style of casket interior created by placing a padding material between a lining material and a backing material, with subsequent stitches taken, forming small raised puffs; carriage tufting and biscuit tufting are the two most common types used in caskets
Tufted Interior
A tightly drawn form of casket interior style
Tailored Interior
A combination of a tailored interior with one or more other styles of interior; for effect
Semi-Tailored
A unique design is created in the head panel
Specialty Head Panels
More than one style used in the interior
Combination
A thin crinkled cloth of silk, rayon, cotton, or wool
Crepe
A fabric woven to create a smooth, lustrous face and dull back. Made from silk, nylon, or rayon
Satin
A fabric of silk, cotton, and possibly rayon with a thick, soft pile or nap
Velvet
A fabric made from flax; noted for its strength, coolness, and luster
Linen
A fabric woven to look like linen used as casket linen material
Linen Weave
A textile weave in which threads are crossed over one another to give an appearance of diagonal lines
Twill Weave
Cardboard
Fiberboard
Pressed paper in sheet form; used in casket construction as a backing material
Masselin
A synthetic or natural organic material shaped when soft and then hardened
Plastic
Padding Materials are
Cotton Polyethylene Foam Shredded Paper Spun Polyester Excelsior (wood shavings)
Has no stain or protective varnish
Unfinished
May be stained or unstained with an outer protective coating of varnish or polyurethane
Natural Finish
A color stain is applied
Stained
Has no stain, but may be covered with protective varnish
Unstained
A surface made smooth and glossy usually by friction; brought to a highly developed, finished, or refined state; burnished
Polished (Gloss)
Low luster
Semi-Gloss
A finish used on casket exteriors that is free of gloss; dull, lusterless surface, no shine or gloss
Flat Finish (Matte finish)
Has less luster than semi-gloss
Sating
The application of paint, single or multicolored
Painted
Made by uniting superimposed layers of different materials
Laminates
Wood is covered by cloth
Cloth Covered
A twilled, mapped, woolen, or worsted fabric with a smooth lustrous face and dense texture; a fabric usually made of cotton, silk, or rayon woven in a plain or rib weave with a soft semi-gloss finish
Broadcloth
A heavy durable cotton fabric with a short thick velvety nap on one side; woven cloth with a suede-like appearance with a nap of less than 1/8th of an inch
Doeskin (Moleskin)
A woven cloth with a nap exceeding 1/8th inch
Plush
Material has no raised surfaces
Smooth
To ornament with a raised work; to raise relief from surface; material having designs raised above the surface
Embossed
A metal casket is first painted, then scratched with an abrasive material to the base metal, and then finished with a sealer and buffed until a smooth high gloss is obtained. Found mainly in stainless steel, copper, and bronze caskets
Brushed
The finish created when base metal is coated by another metal via an electrolytic process. It is identified when used in casket construction by the term deposit as in copper deposit
Plated
Paint is sprayed on the casket
Sprayed
High shine
Gloss
An exterior casket finish in which the metal is coated with a substance that wrinkles as it dries; usually used on less expensive caskets
Crinkled
A sprayed finish that has the appearance of small indentations in the metal; the indentations are in the paint and appear as the paint dries; usually found on inexpensive caskets
Hammertone
No Shine
Flat
A casket having ends in the shape of a half circle
Elliptic
A casket having eight angles or corners and therefore has eight sides or surfaces on the side of the body panel
Octagon
Curved corner formed by the addition of a rounded corner piece that has been stamped or milled during the manufacturing process. The corner is welded into position
Round Corner
The sides and ends are joined at a 90 degree angle. Sometimes called the mitered corner, it is less expensive than the round corner because it requires fewer component pieces and fewer hours of labor
Square Corner
A casket shell design in which the sides and ends of the casket body flare out from the bottom to the top; a casket shell design that is narrower and shorter at the bottom than at the opening of the top
Flaring Square
A casket body style with the body sides at a 90 degree angle to the bottom
Vertical Side Square (State Casket)
A casket design which displays a body panel with the shape of an urn
Urnside
A flat rubber material is located along the top body molding flange of the casket shell. Another gasket is located between the lids in the perfection half couch style
Gasketed
A single molded piece of rubber
Gasket
Connect the cap to the body
Hinges
Locks the cap to the body
Locking mechanism
Types of locking mechanisms
End Lock
Side or Front Lock
Lever Lock
A simple latch secures the cap to the body after closure
Latch Closure
A threaded screw-type fastener used on a hinged cap-style casket
Threaded Fasteners
Epoxy and other cements are used. For sealing the cap and body on some infant caskets, butyl tape is used
Chemical Compounds
Airtight; impervious to external influence; completely sealed by fusion or soldering
Hermetically sealed
Average adult wood casket inside measurement is
75 x 22 inches
Average adult metal casket inside measurements
78 x 23 inches
Average adult wood casket height measurements
16-22 inches
Average adult metal casket height measurements
16-24 inches
The outside dimensions of the average adult casket are
84 x 29 inches
Any container which is designed for placement in the grave around the casket, including, but not limited to containers commonly known as burial vaults, grave boxes, and grave liners
Outer burial Container
An outer enclosure which offers protection from the earth load as well as possessing sealing qualities
Burial Vaults
The two purposes of a burial vault are?
Support the load of the earth
Limit intrusion of outside elements
What can OBCs be made of?
Concrete or metal
Two types of concrete OBCs?
With or without a steel reinforcement
Interior lining of OBCs include
Polystyrene ABS Material Stainless Steel Copper Bronze Asphalt
Metal OBCs are measured in
Gauge
Types of metal OBCs?
Steel
Stainless Steel
Copper
Metal burial vaults are constructed so that the casket is placed on the bottom portion and the _____ is secured to the bottom
Dome
The top of an air sal burial vault that entraps air as it is put in position. It also supports the weight of the earth above
Dome
A method of sealing a vault that utilizes the air pressure created by placing dome of the vault onto the base of the vault
Air Seal
A method of sealing that utilizes an epoxy compound in conjunction with a tongue in groove closure at the top of the vault
Top Seal
A method of sealing burial vaults that utilizes the principle of the air seal in conjunction with an epoxy material at the junction of the dome and the base of the vault
Double Seal
Standard Burial Vault Dimensions are
30 x 86 inches inside dimensions
An outer enclosure that offers protection for the earth load but without sealing qualities
Grave Liner
What are grave liners constructed with?
Concrete
Wood
Polymers and Fiberglass
An outer enclosure consisting of a body and a one or two piece lid
Grave box
A grave liner consisting of 6 or 8 slabs of unfinished concrete placed around the casket
Sectional
Metal or Concrete vault for urns
Urn Vault
An outer enclosure utilized for the protection of casketed remains during transportation
Transfer Container
A transfer container consisting of a wooden tray with a cardboard covering for the casket
Air Tray
A gasket sealed container which can be used as an insert into a casket or a separate shipping container
Ziegler Case
A transfer container made entirely of wood
Wood Box
A transfer container consisting of a particle board box with a cardboard tray and cover to satisfy air-shipping regulations
Combination Case
A non-metal receptacle or enclosure without ornamentation or a fixed interior lining, designed for the encasement of human remains and which is made of cardboard, pressed wood, composition material, or pouches of canvas or other materials
Alternative Container
An unornamented casket made of wood which does not have a fixed interior lining
Unfinished Wood Box
Any product consisting of a unit or series of units which are designed or intended to be used together as both a casket and as a permanent burial receptacle
Combination Unit
A container for cremated remains; a vase with a foot or pedestal
Urn
What are the dimensions of an urn that are required to fit an average human body
200 cc (cubic centimeters)
The various miscellaneous items provided or used to complement the services of a funeral director
Sundry Items
Sundry Items include
Register books Prayer Cards Religious, Fraternal, Military Symbols Thank you cards Clothing Other Cremation Containers Flower
