Funeral Service Merchandise Chapter 2 Flashcards
What two materials account for 98% of all adult caskets sold in america
Wood and metal
Even when two caskets are made from the same tree, they are not _____________
Identical
The trees best quality wood, which is in the center of the tree
Heartwood
Though they may store sugars, Heartwood cells are no longer actively participating in these
Day to day functions of the tree
Heartwood cells are saturated with _______ that make the wood slightly darker in color and more decay-resistant
Resins
The layers of wood found between the heartwood and the bark of the tree
Sapwood
The cells of sapwood are the tree’s
Vascular System
Of the two kinds of wood, which is preferred for casket construction
Heartwood
Gymnosperms
Softwood
Coniferous trees with needles or scale-like foliage
Softwood
Angiosperms
Hardwood
Broad leaved deciduous trees
Hardwood
Softwood and hardwood do not refer to what?
The actual relative hardness of the wood
List the commonly used hardwoods
Birch Cherry Mahogany Maple Oak Poplar Walnut
Pine is a
Softwood
While its sapwood is rather white, its heartwood is a reddish brown, and commonly used in furniture, doors, and cabinetry
Birch
Its sapwood is very white, in contrast to its very red or reddish brown heartwood
Cherry
Frequently seen finished in a reddish stain, commonly used in fine furniture and cabinetry, veneers, and architectural moldings
Cherry
Some of these can exhibit ribbon graining and commands a premium price
Mahogany
Frequently used in furniture, boats, and musical instruments
Mahogany
The color of its sapwood ranges from creamy white with a reddish-brown tint to grayish white; its heartwood is very dark reddish-brown
Maple
Its sapwood can be white to light brown, with light to dark reddish brown heartwood
Oak
May be the single most easily most easily recognized hardwood
Oak
The sapwood is usually white, but its heartwood is frequently greenish in color
Poplar
Frequently used in exterior siding and trim, doors and millwork
Poplar
Sapwood is usually creamy white that is sometimes steamed to a darker color, while its heartwood ranges from a light brown to a deep chocolate brown color
Walnut
Can range from creamy white to pink to yellow to light brown
Pine
A longleaf pine is very
Hard
White Pine is very
Soft
A casket constructed from many different species of wood; sometimes referred to as willow. The component parts of a single casket will not necessarily be constructed of same species of wood
Salix; select hardwood
Most wood caskets are constructed of solid wood, utilizing planks between _______
1” and 4” in thickness
The production of a good quality wood casket will require how many board feet of lumber?
130-150
Some units will incorporate up to
300 board-feet
A board-foot is a unit of dimensional measurement, equal to a piece of lumber _________
12” square and 1” thick
Made by uniting superimposed layers of different materials
Laminates
Typically, which layer of laminate is of finer quality and more expensive?
The uppermost visible layer
Created by gluing a thin layer of wood of superior value or excellent grain to an inferior wood
Wood Veneer
This is composed of particles of wood bonded together with waterproof glue together with heat and pressure
Composition Board
There are several types of composition board. What are they?
Particle board, hardboard, fiberboard, oriented strand brand, medium density fiberboard, and pressed board
What distinguishes the different types of composition board?
The size and shape of the particles of wood used
Thin sheets of wood glued together so that the grains are at right angles to one another
Plywood
An ___ number of sheets of plywood will always be used so the grain on the front and back will always run in the same direction
Odd
Plywood can be thought of as a laminate of many
Wood Veneers
Plywood is relatively strong, and its tendency to shrink, swell, and warp is much less that what?
A solid piece of wood
This refers to a product that is in fact all wood, but utilizes wood by-products, such as particle board
All Wood
A product that, excepting some hardware components, is made from solid wood pieces, the casket shell has no components formed from wood by-products
Solid Wood
Any metal formed from iron such as steel or stainless steel
Ferrous Metal
Any metal which is not formed from iron, such as copper or bronze
Non-Ferrous Metal
A metal alloy consisting mainly of iron and carbon
Steel
Used in caskets low in carbon which keeps it soft and malledable
Steel
This contains carbon in an amount up to 1.7% as an essential alloying constituent
Commercial Steel
Too much carbon will cause steel to do what?
Be too brittle
Due to the presence of carbon in the alloy, ordinary steel is alternatively called
Carbon Steel
Carbon steel caskets are classified according to what?
Gauge
A measurement of the thickness of metals
Gauge
Gauge is roughly equated to the number of sheets of metal necessary to equal approximately
One inch of thickness
What kind of relationship exists between the gauge number and the metal’s thickness
Inverse
The lower the gauge number, the ________ the metal
Thicker
20 gauge steel is _________ than 16 gauge steel
Thinner
16 gauge steel is ________ than 18 gauge steel
Thicker
Officially, US standard gauge is a measurement of weight based on a specific ____________
Steel Density
19 gauge steel is approximately ____ thicker than 20 gauge steel
16%
19 gauge steel will, on average, last _____ longer than 20 gauge steel when buried in direct contact with the earth
29%
The mid-line of steel casket value is represented by those of what
18 gauge
18 gauge steel is approximately ____ thicker than 20 gauge steel
33%
When buried in direct contact with the soil, 18 gauge steel lasts about ____ longer than 20 gauge steel
58%
Caskets of 16 gauge steel are considered to be the ____ available within the carbon steel range
Finest
16 gauge steel is approximately ____ thicker than 20 gauge
67%
When buried in direct contact with the soil, 16 gauge will last ____ longer than 20 gauge
133%
Steel that has been coated with zinc for increased resistance to rust
Galvanized
A metal alloy of steel, chromium, and sometimes nickel, noted for its ability to resist rust (NOT RUSTPROOF)
Stainless Steel
An alloy often referred to as 400 series or 409 stainless
Ferritic stainless steel
A basic grade of stainless steel with good corrosion resistance properties
Ferritic Stainless steel
Composed mainly of iron and carbon, to which has been added in an amount not less than 10% of the whole
Ferritic Stainless Steel
The presence of nickel in this alloy has three effects:
- Offers additional corrosion resistance
- renders the alloy non-magnetically attractive
- Allows for stronger welds
Austentitic Stainless Steel
A magnet will stick to this series stainless steel
400 series
A magnet will NOT stick to this series stainless steel
300
The two non-ferrous metals commonly utilized are
Copper and bronze
Copper and bronze represent the ______ of the metal casket price and quality spectrum
High end
Non-ferrous metal caskets are distinguished by weight expressed in _______
Ounces per square foot
The thickness of non-ferrous metal caskets are distinguished by weight expressed in ounces per square foot, known as the _________
Brown and Sharpe Gauge
The greater number of ounces per square foot, the _______ the metal used to produce the casket
Thicker
A naturally occurring element, that is a malleable ductile metallic element having a characteristic reddish brown color
Copper
Copper __________ rust
Does not
Copper does not rust, but develops a mellow blue-green patina known as
Verdigris
Mankind’s oldest known metal and, as such, today’s public is very familiar with copper and its durability
Copper
Caskets formed from copper metal rolled into sheets
Wrought Copper
A casket made from a solid core of copper metal to which copper ions are combined by an electrolytic process
Copper Deposit
Long considered the ultimate material used in metal casket manufacture, a metal alloy consisting of 90% copper with tin and sometimes zinc comprising the other 10%
Bronze
Bronze is used in the production of
Cremation urns and cemetery memorials
Bronze caskets are seen in two varieties. What are they
Wrought bronze and cast bronze
Formed from bronze metal rolled into sheets
Wrought Bronze
Formed from molten bronze poured into a mold and allowed to cool
Cast Bronze
A cast bronze casket can weigh over
1000 pounds
A material consisting of very fine filaments of glass embedded in various resins
Fiberglass
Less frequently seen in casket shells and more commonly used in hardware components, this is a synthetic or natural organic material shaped when soft and then hardened
Plastic
A compound, similar in appearance to plastic, that has a high molecular weight creating an extremely durable substance
Polymer
