Kızıltunç Flashcards
Which of the following substances do comprise with renal glutamine metabolism?
A) Glutamate-butiric acid-ammonia
B) Ammonium ion-glutamate-a-ketoglutarate
C) Bicarbonate-glucose-CO2
D) Valine-leucine-isoleucine
E) Lactic acid-butiric acid-ammonium ion
B) Ammonium ion-glutamate-a-ketoglutarate
Which of the following reaction is source of ammonia?
A) Synthesis of glutamate
B) Synthesis of glutamine
C) Synthesis of urea
D) Excretion ammonium ion
E) Purine deamination
E) Purine deamination
Which two aa are converted to oxaloacetate?
A) Glutamine-glutamate
B) Asparagine-aspartate
C) Serine-glycine
D) Alanine-glutamine
E) Proline-threonine
B) Asparagine-aspartate
Which of the following aa carbon skeleton does convert only succinyl CoA?
A) Valine
B) Isoleucine
C) Leucine
D) Glutamate
E) Glutamine
A) Valine
Which of the following molecule is not a cofactor in aa metabolism?
A) SAM
B) tetrahydrofolate
C) blotine
D) PLP
E) GABA
E) GABA
PRACTICE Which of the following biochemistry test is not evaluated in core biochemical tests?
A) Phosphate
B) Urea
C) Amylase
D) Bicarbonate
E) Trace elements
E) Trace elements
Which of the following aa is not source for a-ketoglutarate?
A) Glutamine
B) Histidine
C) Proline
D) Arginine
E) Tyrosine
E) Tyrosine
The tubular protons are buffered with which?
A) Urea-aa-sugars
B) Creatinine-glutamine-alanine
C) Uric acid-urea-clor
D) Bicarbonate-ammonia-phosphate
E) Ammonium ion-water-urea
D) Bicarbonate-ammonia-phosphate
Thioredoxin is involved in the :
A) Conversation of AMP to ATP
B) Conversation of dUMP to dTMP
C) Conversation of a ribonucleotide to a deoxyribonucleotide
D) Inhibition of xanthine oxidase as a treatment for gout
E) Degradation of nucleoprotein
C) Conversation of a ribonucleotide to a deoxyribonucleotide
Which antibiotic does cause premature rmination synthesis?
A) Tetracycline
B) Streptomycin
C) Puromycin
D) Erythromycin
E) Chloramphenicol
C) Puromycin
PRACTICE:Which of the following biochemistry test is not evaluated in specialized tests?
A) Drugs
B) DNA analyses
C) Vitamins
D) Glucose
E) Hormones
D) Glucose
Purine and pyrimidine synthesis share several common precursors except………:
A) CO2
B) Asp
C) Gin
D) Gly
E) Folic acid analog
D) Gly
An example of a transamination is
A) Glutamate = butiric acid +ammonia
B) Glutamate=a-ketoglutarate +ammonia
C) Aspartate+glutamine = glutamate+oxaloacetate
D) Aspartate+ a-ketoglutarate= glutamate+oxaloacetate
E) Alanine+glutamine = pyruvate+glutamate
D) Aspartate+ a-ketoglutarate= glutamate+oxaloacetate
Which of the following aa is considered as both ketogenic and glucogenic?
A) Serine
B) Valin
C) Tyrosine
D) Alanin
E) Arginine
C) Tyrosine
In intestinal epithelial cell which molecule does not see glutamate conversion?
A) alpha-KG
B) Ammonium ion
C) Citrulline
D) Glutamine
E) Ornithine
D) Glutamine
PRACTIC: Which is not a urine collection style?
A) Early morning urine
B) 24 h urine
C) Post prandial urine
D) First prandial urine
E) Spot urine
D) First prandial urine
Administration of methotrexate would inhibit:
1-de novo synthesis of UMP
2-conversation of DUMP to dTMP
3-conversation of IMP to GMP
4-de novo synthesis of IMP
A) 2 and 4
B) All of them
C) Only 4
D) 1 and 3
E) 1,2 and 3
A) 2 and 4
During the fasting state, which aa is released by gut, skeletal muscle and kidney for glucose synthesis at the same time?
A) Glutamine
B) Valin
C) Tyrosine
D) Alanine
E) Aspartate
D) Alanine
With Transamination of pyruvate forms With transamination of 3-phosphoglycerate forms…….
A) Glutamine-alanine
B) Oxaloacetate-asparagine
C) a-ketoglutarate-aspartate
D) Alanine-serine
E) Acetyl CoA-lactate
D) Alanine-serine
Which of the following has no function glycosylation of proteins?
A) Asn amino acid
B) Cytosol
C) Dolichol phosphate
D) Mannose
E) Golgi complex
E) Golgi complex
What is GABA?
A) gliseraldehyde
B) glutathione amino butyric acid
C) glutamine butyric acid
D) gamma amino butyric acid
E) glutamate branched acid
D) gamma amino butyric acid
Thioredoxin is related to the :
A) Conversation of AMP to ATP
B) Conversation of dUMP to dTMP
C) Conversation of a ribonucleotide to a deoxyribonucleotide
D) Inhibition of xanthine oxidase as a treatment for gout
E) Degradation of nucleoprotein
C) Conversation of a ribonucleotide to a deoxyribonucleotide
All of ………… use in starvation as energy source.
A) Ketone bodies
B) Catecholamines
C) Vanilmandelic acid
D) Urea
E) Uric acid
A) Ketone bodies
Methotrexate is a inhibitor for step ……… and ……….
1-de nove synthesis of UMP
2-conversation of dUMP to dTMP
3-conversation of IMP to GMP
4-de nova synthesis of IMP
A) 2 and 4
B) All four
C) Only 4
D) 1 and 3
E) 1,2 and 3
A) 2 and 4
Trypsinogen is deaved by…………… to typsin
A) Chymotrypsinogen
B) Enteropeptidase
C) Proelastase
D) Procarboxypeptidase
E) Pepsin
B) Enteropeptidase
Which of the following is not the storage forms of energy in the body?
A) Glycogen
B) Free glucose
C) Triacylglycerol
D) Protein
E) Glycerol
E) Glycerol
……………………. serves as a nitrogen transporter from brain to the liver.
A) Glutamine
B) Serin
C) Valin
D) Leucine
E) Metionine
A) Glutamine
Which one is both nonessential and glucogenic and ketogenic?
A) Histidine
B) Aspartate
C) Tyrosine
D) Leucine
E) Lysine
C) Tyrosine
Which tissue does use branched chain amino acids as energy resources?
A) Liver
B) Kidney
C) Muscle
D) Gut
E) Brain
E) Brain
………………. does not undergo transamination.
A) Histdine
B) Aspartate
C) Tyrosine
D) Alanin
E) Lysine
E) Lysine
Practice:Which of the following is the principal nitrogenous product in human?
A) Urea
B) Ammonium lon
C) Creatinine
D) Uric acid
E) glucose
A) Urea
Which of the following does cause to premature
termination proteine synthesis?
A) Streptomycin
B) Puromycin
C)Tetracycline
D) Erythromycin
E) Chloramphenicol
B) Puromycin
A deficiency in …………….…..results in the disease phenylketonuria
A) Phenylalanine hydroxylase
B) Alfa keto glutarate dehydrogenase
C) Alanin aming transferase
D) Tyrosinase
E) Arginase
A) Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Which one is toxio agent in body?
A) Ammonia
B) Polatium
C) Sodium
D) Selenium
E) Phosphorus
A) Ammonia
Where does glucose-alanine cycle take place?
A) Liver-muscle
B) Liver-brain
C) Brain-muscle
D) Kidney-brain
E) Thyroid-kidney
A) Liver-muscle
Which one is a transamination reaction?
A) Glutamate = butiric acid +ammonia
B) Glutamate=a-ketoglutarate +ammonia
C) Aspartate+glutamine = glutamate+oxaloacetate
D) Aspartate+ a-ketoglutarate= glutamate+oxaloacetate
E) Alanine+glutamine = pyruvate+glutamate
D) Aspartate+ a-ketoglutarate= glutamate+oxaloacetate
Besides being the principal component of teeth and skeleton, calcium is not essential for
a) secretion
b) contraction
c) signal transduction pathway
d) coagulation
e) senthetic work
e) senthetic work
The existence of porphyrin precursor in urine is detected by chemical method like Ehrlich’s reagent or UV fluorescence technique.
The patient’s urine turns to the colour port wine on standing in ………….. diseases.
a) Variegate porphyria
b) Plumboporphyria
c) Erythropoetic protoporphyria
d) Porphyria cutanea tarda
e) Acute intermittent porphyria
e) Acute intermittent porphyria
Genetic defect of amino acids catabolism causes to inheritable human diseases in the cell. Which enzyme is deficient for tyrosinemia Type I disease in the blod?
a) Tyrosine aminotransferase
b) p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase
c) Fumarylacetoacetase
d) Maleylacetoacetate isomerase
e) Homogentisate 1.2-dioxygenase
c) Fumarylacetoacetase
Basic metabolic rate depends on body composition. Also, organs and tissue have various amount metabolic rate. Kidneys organ metabolic rate is higher than the adipose tissue. Because,
a) It has glutamin buffer system
b) It can synthesis urine
c) It contains high level ATPase enzyme
d) it has glycogen depositions
e) It can synthesis water
c) It contains high level ATPase enzyme
Which of the following is wrong?
a) In prehepatic pathologies, the level of Indirect bilirubin in serum and urobilinogen level in urine increase
b) Serum direct bilirubin level increases in posthepatic pathologies
c) Indirect bilirubin is measured in the urine of a healthy person
d) The form of bilirubin excreted in bile is direct bilirubin
e) Urobilinogen excretes in urine and stercobilinogen excretes in faeces in a healthy person
c) Indirect bilirubin is measured in the urine of a healthy person
Mark the form of bilirubin that reacts directly with diazo reagent without treatment with methanol.
a) Bilirubin linked to albumin
b) Conjugated bilirubin
c) Indirect bilirubin
d) Unconjugated bilirubin
e) Delta bilirubin
b) Conjugated bilirubin
Ferrochelatase enzyme (heme synthase) is a mitochondrial enzyme. The final step in heme synthesis involves the incorporation of ferrous iron into protoporphyrin in a reaction catalyzed by ferrochelatase enzyme. Ferrochelatase enzyme is inhibited by which kind of ion?
a) Zinc
bị tron
d Cupper
d) Mercury
e) Lead
e) Lead
Which of the following is not a kidney function test
a) Creatinine
b) BUN (Blood urea nitrogen)
c) GFR (Glomerular filtration rate)
d) ALT (Alanine aminotransferase)
e) Urea
d) ALT (Alanine aminotransferase)
Which is not the characteristics of RBC metabolism?
a) Completely reliant of glycolysis to generate ATP
b) Amino acids can be catabolized for energy purposes
c) Glucose enters red blood cells by facilitated diffusion (by GLUT1)
d) Ketone bodies cannot be used as metabolic fuel
e) No ATP synthesis from B-oxidation pathway
b) Amino acids can be catabolized for energy purposes
Many amino acids Like glutamate can synthesize from the glucose and metabolic intermediate substance such as FIGLU in the cell, what is FIGLU?
a) Formimino glucose
b) Formimino glutamine
c) Formimino glutamate
d) Formimino glycine
e) Formimino glutarate
c) Formimino glutamate
Some amino acids use for the purin and pyrimidine synthesis like protein synthesis. Which pair amino acids are required for both purine and pyrimidine synthesis?
a) Aspartate-glutamate
b) Glutamine-aspartate
c) Glutamate-glutamine
d) Glutamate-glycine
e) Serine-glutamine
b) Glutamine-aspartate
Which is effective in iron absorption?
a) Vitamin C
b) Biotin
c) Vitamin B6
d) Pantothenic acid
e) Riboflavin
a) Vitamin C
Threonin is a essential amino acid and it has a unique (special) function in the enzyme site. All of the following are catabolic product of threonine, except:
a) Glycine
b) Proteins
c) Succinyl-CoA
d) Pyruvate
e) Acetyl-CoA
b) Proteins
Glutamine is a nitrogen transporter amino acid in the brain for the synthesis of different neurotransmitters. Some neurotransmitters do not synthesis in patients with…………………enzyme deficiency.
a) Glutamine carboxylase
b) Glutamine synthetase
c) Glutamine phosphorylase
d) Glutamine dehydrogenase
e) Glutamine decarboxylase
b) Glutamine synthetase
One of the main function of vitamin K is
a) Gamma carboxylation of proteins on Glu residues (posttranslational mopdification)
b) All above
c) Carboxylation of glycolytic intermediates
d) Carboxylation of regulatory enzymes
e) Intravascular coagulation
a) Gamma carboxylation of proteins on Glu residues (posttranslational mopdification)
Fibrin is break out to fibrin degradation products by plasmin. Which one is a fibrin degradation product?
a) Streptokinase
b) Protein C
c) Plasminogen
d) Thrombus
e) D-dimer
e) D-dimer
Which has no nucleus?
a) Monocytes
b) Neutrophil
c) Small lymphocytes
d) B-Cells
e) RBC
e) RBC
Please mark the wrong one about the “blood collection process.
a) Total blood is first transferred to tubes with anticoagulant and then to tubes without anticoagulant
b) Blood is taken from veins, arteries or capillaries for analysis
c) The sampling area is wiped with 70% alcohol with circular movements
d) The blood taken into the tube with anticoagulant should be gently overturned 3-5 times to mix thoroughly
e) A tourniquet is connected 10 cm above the elbow
a) Total blood is first transferred to tubes with anticoagulant and then to tubes without anticoagulant
According to (based on) the fate of carbon skeleton, amino acids can categortze as essential and nonessential for the human. Which of the following amino acid is a glycogenic and ketogenic but not essential for the human?
a) Phenylalanine
b) Tyrosine
c) Tryptophan
d) Isoleucine
e) Valine
b) Tyrosine
The principal reaction of glycine degradation in human tissues is required to the glycine cleavage enzyme. Which one is a catabolic product for glycine amino acid?
a) B6 vitamine
b) Pi
c) NADH
d) H20
e) H4 folate
a) B6 vitamine
Purine bases are synthesized from Ribose 5-Phosphate and ATP in the cell. The synthesized first purine base is…………….. in the body.
a) Guanosine monophosphate
b) Phospho ribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP)
c) Xanthosine monophosphate
d) Inosine monophosphate
e) Adenosine monophosphate
d) Inosine monophosphate
Which is mismatched?
a) Vitamin C <> Ascorbic acid
b) Vitamin B12 <> Cobalamin
c) Vitamin B1 <> Thiamin
d) Vitamin B6 < Biotin
e) Niacin <> Nicotinic acid, nicotinamide
d) Vitamin B6 < Biotin
The correct catabolic ranking (sequences) from adenosine to uric acid is.…………….
- Adenosine, Inosine, Hypoxanthine, xanthine, Uric acid
a) Adenosine, xanthine, Hypoxanthine, Inosine, Uric acid
b) Adenosine, Hypoxanthine, Inosine, Uric acid
C) Adenosine, xanthine, Inosine, Uric acid
d) Adenosine, Hypoxanthine, xanthine, Uric acid
e) Adenosine, Inosine, xanthine, Uric acid
d) Adenosine, Hypoxanthine, xanthine, Uric acid
Vitamins has a cofactor function in addition to other roles in the cell. Which of the following vitamin is required for both purine and pyrimidine synthesis?
a) Ascorbic acid
b) Folic acid
c) Vitamine-D
d) Pyridoxal phosphate
e) Biotin
b) Folic acid
When …………… is absent and ……………..is present in The Lac Operon system. RNAP enzyme can only join to promoter operator area.
a) Glucose and lactose
b) Lactose and maltose
c) Glucose and galactose
d) Maltose and lactose
e) Glucose and arabinose
a) Glucose and lactose
Tanret test is used to determine which of the following?
a) Acetone in urine
b) Bilirubin in urine
c) Protein in urine
d) Glucose in urine
e) Erythrocyte in urine
c) Protein in urine
Total blood transferred to the tube without anticoagulant is centrifuged at 4500 rpm after the coagulation process. Mark the name of the yellow liquid part obtained at above part as a result of the precipitated formed elements after the centrifugation.
a) Fibrinogen
b) Leukocyte
c) Erythrocyte
d) Plasma
e) Serum
e) Serum
What is called a daily urine volume of less than 40 mL?
a) Pollakiuria
b) Dysuria
c) Anuria
d) Oliguria
e) Nocturia
c) Anuria
Normal endothelium has an antithrombotic surface. When the endothelium is damaged, platelets bind to the exctracellular matrix with the help of the plasma protein
a) platelet activating factor
b) thromboxane
c) tissue plasminogen activator
d) thrombin
e) von Willebrand factor
e) von Willebrand factor
Degeneracy of genetic code denotes:
a) One amino acid is represented by multiple codons
b) Overlapping of codons is observed at times
C) Single codon stands for multiple amino acids
d) Some codons contain 4 bases instead of 3 bases
e) Each codon specifies only one amino acid
a) One amino acid is represented by multiple codons
Which pancreatic proteases are required for either Lys or Arg peptide bond cleavege?
a) Trypsin - carboxypeptidase B
b) Chymotrypsin - pepsin
c) Elastase - carboxypeptidase A
d) Pepsin-trypsin
e) Carboxypeptidase A - carboxypeptidase B
a) Trypsin - carboxypeptidase B
Amino acids are degraded to carbon dioxide, water, and urea in the different tissue. Branched-chance amino acids are oxidized in the extrahepatic tissue, but they are not degraded in the Liver. Because:
a) Liver has not Cori cycle
b) Aminotransferase enzymes are absent in Liver
c) Branched-chain aminotransferase enzyme is absent in Liver
d) TCA cycle activity is slowly in Liver
e) Concentration of Alpha-keto glutaric acid is low level in Liver
c) Branched-chain aminotransferase enzyme is absent in Liver
New senthesized many inactive proteins are glycosylated to form active proteins in the ER lumen. Which one is not required of this reaction?
a) Mannose
b) Dolichol phosphate
c) Asparagine
d) N-acetylglucosamine
e) Gamma glutamyl transferase
e) Gamma glutamyl transferase
Marathoner and sprinter races have different biochemical metabolic pathway like glycolysis. gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism. All of the following choice are true for the 100-meter sprinter, except:
a) Decreased glucose
b) Decreased glycogen
c) Increased pH level
d) Increased lactate
e) decreased fatty acids
c) Increased pH level
Which deficiency is associated with megaloblastic anemia and/or pernicious anemia?
a) Biotin
b) Pantothenic acid
c) Vitamin C
d) Riboflavin
e) Vitamin B12/folate
e) Vitamin B12/folate
Which of the following is wrong about the “determination of urea and creatinine in serum” experiment?
a) Urea and creatinine in serum were determined by colorimetric method
b) Creatinine and urea are endogenous substances used to measure glomerular filtration rate
c) Nessler’s reagent was used in the determination of urea in serum
d) Determination of creatinine in serum is called as “Jaffe reaction”
e) Colored complexes formed in determination of urea and creatinine in serum were measured in electrophoresis device
e) Colored complexes formed in determination of urea and creatinine in serum were measured in electrophoresis device
Which of the following crystals is not present in alkaline urine?
a) Calcium oxalate crystals
b) Amorphous phosphate crystals
c) Triple phosphate crystals
d) Calcium phosphate crystals
e) Ammonium urate crystals
a) Calcium oxalate crystals
Amino acids can be either ketogenic or glycogenic or glycogenic and ketogenic in the body. Which pair are both ketogenic and essential amino acids for the humans?
a) Leucine Lysine
b) Phenylalanine Tryptophan
c) Valine Threonine
d) Methionine Arginine.
e) Isoleucine Leucine
a) Leucine Lysine
Which of the following is the smell of mouse urine?
a) The presence of acetone in urine
b) Hartnup disease
c) Trozinemia
d) Infections
e) Phenylketonuria
e) Phenylketonuria
Pancreatic juice contains the proenzymes, which are activated in the intestinal lumen by tripsin and include (except
one)
a) chymotrypsinogen
b) procarboxypeptidases
c) Proaminopeptidase
d) trypsinogen
e) proelastase
c) Proaminopeptidase
Whose absorption occurs with passive and active absorptions and is mediated by gastric intrinsic factor?
a) vitamin C
b) Biotin
C) Vitamin B6
d) Riboflavin
e) Vitamin B12
e) Vitamin B12
Which one is a activator for PRPP glutamyl amidotransferase enzyme?
a) IMP
b) GMP
C) PRPP
d) ATP
e) AMP
C) PRPP
Liver is the most important organ like muscle, kidney and intestine of amino acid metabolism. Muscle tissue is the huge source of plasma amino acids. At postabsorptive state, which pair amino acids are quantitatively most released into the blood?
a) Leucine Valine
b) Valine Alanine
c) Glutamine Valine
d) Valine Isoleucine
e) Alanine Glutamine
e) Alanine Glutamine
Sources of the kidney are changeable for different physiologic states like normal, acidosis and fasted circumstances and so on? In acidosis, which one is a major energy source for Kidney functions?
A) Lactate
B) Glucose
C) Fatty acids
D) Glutamate
E) Glutamine
E) Glutamine
During the degradation of amino acids, lots of intermediate molecules are synthesized in the cell. Fomiminoglutamate (FIGLU) is formed by degradation of………amino acid in the plasma.
A) Glutamate
B) Glutamine
C) Histidine
D) Serine
E) Threonine
C) Histidine
Enzyme activity is effected by a activator or inhibitor compounds in the cell. All of them are true for Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-II, except:
A) Glutamine is a nitrogen source
B) N-Acetylglutamate is a activator
C) It is located in the cytosol
D) It has a function in the pyrimidine biosynthesis
E) UTP is a inhibitor
B) N-Acetylglutamate is a activator
Under normal circumstances, glucose is the only fuel source to brain. However, during starvation, the brain slowly gets adapted to use ……..amio acid for energy needs.
A) Alanine
B) Valine
C) Serine
D) Threonine
E) Glutamine
B) Valine
Which agent does buffer the protons in the tubular fluid?
A) alanine
B) potatium
C) glutamine
D) ammonia
E) sulphate
D) ammonia
Which one is not major fuel source for the kidney?
A) Lactate
B) Glucose
C) Serine
D) Fatty acids
E) Glutamine
C) Serine
which aa are released from skeletal muscle after an overnight fast?
A) Tyrosine-phenylalanine
B) Valine-lysine
C) Arginine-isoleucine
D) Glutamine-alanine
E) Lysine-isoleucine
D) Glutamine-alanine
Which one has a major role in sepsis?
A) Valine
B) Alanine
C) Glutamine
D) Leusine
E) Serine
C) Glutamine
After an overnight fast, which couple of aminoacides are released from skeletal muscle?
A) Tyrosine-phenylalanine
B) Valine-lysine
C) Arginine-Isoleucine
D) Glutamine-alanine
E) Lysine-isoleucine
D) Glutamine-alanine
Maybe. Which vitamin plays a role in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?
A) Biotin
B) Cynanocobalamine
C) Folate
D) Ascorbic Acid
E) Thiamin
E) Thiamin
Maybe. Which molecule is not neurotransmitter?
A) acetylcholine
B) seratonine
C) dopamine
D) GABA
E) melanine
E) melanine
Maybe. Which of the following the rate-limiting enzyme of the urea cycle?
A) glutamate dehydrogenase
B) glutaminase
C) urease
D) CPS-I
E) CPS-II
D) CPS-I
Maybe. Which molecule is used by both Glutamine synthetase and Glutamate dehydrogenase?
A) alpha-KGL
B) NADH
C) ATP
D) NH+4
E) Glutamate
D) NH+4
Maybe. What is the key enzyme of de-novo purine synthesis?
A) Transaminidinase
B) Formyltransferase
C) Glutamyl amidotransferase
D) Xanthine oxidase
E) IMP dehydrogenase
C) Glutamyl amidotransferase
Which aminoacid can make the conjugation with bile acids?
A) Glutamine
B) Senne
C) Alanine
D) Glycine
E) Glutamate
D) Glycine
Which of the following does buffer the protons
in the tubular fluid?
A) Alanine
B) Potatium
C) Glutamine
D) Ammonia
E) Sulphate
D) Ammonia
“Significant fraction of carotenoids is absorbed intact and are stored in liver and fat. The most important provitamin A” signifies
A) a-Carotenes
B) B-Carotene
C) y-Carotene
D) Cryptoxanthin
E) All above
B) B-Carotene
Every amino acid generally joins (take part in, be involved) to one citric acid cycle member in order to the further metabolism in the cell. All of them are joined to the citric acid cycle care of (with) alpha keto glutarate unit except:
a) Glutamine
b) Alanine
C) Proline
d) Glutamate
e) Histidine
Liglutarine
b) Alanine
Under normal conditions in human adults, some 200 billion erythrocytes are destroyed ber day. Thus, a 70-kg human turns over approximately 6 g hemoglobin daily. Heme is degradated by ………….enzyme to ………………..
a) Heme oxygenase and bilirubin
b) Bacterial enzyme and urobilin
c) Biliverdin reductase and biliverdin
d) Glucuronyl transferase and biliverdin
e) Bacterial enzyme and stercobilin
a) Heme oxygenase and bilirubin
The retinol in blood is originated from two sources: dietary and dioxygenase cleavage in intestinal mucosa. Which is
cleaved?
a) y-Carotene
b) Cryptoxanthin
C) All above
d) B-Carotene
e) a-Carotenes
d) B-Carotene
Prpp glutamyl amidotransferase in activatoru asagidakilerden hangisidir?
IMP
AMP
GMP
