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Botany > Kingdom Plantae And Bryophytes > Flashcards

Kingdom Plantae And Bryophytes Flashcards

1
Q

Terrestrial adaptations of plants

A

All plants have cuticle layer
Many plants have structural specializations such as vascular tissue leading to roots and shoots

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2
Q

Fungi Assisted with the move to land

A

Most plants have mycorrhizae, symbiotic fungi associated with their roots. Help with water and nutrient absorption

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3
Q

Terrestrial adaptations of plants

A

Reproductive adaptions

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4
Q

Reproductive Adaptations

A

Produce gametes in protective structures called gametangia, known as the gametangia, known as the gametophyte generation.
In plants the zygote develops into an embryo while still contained within the female parent.

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5
Q

Gametangia

A

Reproductive adaptations

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6
Q

Terrestrial adaptiontions

A

Cuticle

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7
Q

Evolution of plants

A

4 major stages

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8
Q

First stage

A

Development of a cuticle

Gametangia and sporangia because multicellular and surrounded by a sterile cell jacket
Zygotes developed into a multicellular embryo within parental tissues that originally surrounded the egg.

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9
Q

Second stage

A

Diversification of vascular plants. Lycophytes and Pteridophytes

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10
Q

Lycophyte

A

Has vascular tissue

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11
Q

Pteridophytes

A

Has vascular tissue

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12
Q

Third stage

A

Began with the origin of the seed ovule and pollen. (Gymnosperms)

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13
Q

Fourth Stage

A

Emergence of flowers and fruits (ovary). (Angiosperms)

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14
Q

Vessel elements

A

Special vascular tissue in the xylem in angiosperms and early gymnosperms

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15
Q

Bryophytie

A

Mosses, liverworts and hornwarts

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16
Q

Vascular seedless plants

A

Evolution of dominant sporophyte, vascular tissue

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17
Q

Vascular seed plants

A

Evolution of seeds

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18
Q

Bryophytes

A

Seedless non vascular plants

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19
Q

Earliest plant fossils

A

400 million years old

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20
Q

Seedless plants

A

Briophytes
Lycophytes
Pterophytes
Spore or clone

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21
Q

Alternation of Generations

A

An alternation between diploid and haploid generations

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22
Q

Is the sporophyte or gametophyte generation dominate in mosses

A

Gametophyte is dominant

23
Q

Antheridia

A

Produce sperm in mosses

24
Q

Archegonia

A

Female moss flowers
Where egg is produced
Not called an ovule

25
Q

Venter

A

Comparison to uterus in mosses located in archegonium

26
Q

Bryophyte general features

A

*small compact
*found in moist and dry environments
*non-vascular
*lack vascular system and true roots, stems, and leaves
*Gametophyte generation dominant
*some unisexual, some bisexual
*Require water for fertilization
*flagellated

27
Q

Meiosis occurs in “flower”

A

To produce spores

28
Q

Differences between mosses, liverworts, and hornwarts

A
29
Q

Mosses

A

Three classes
Over 15,000 species

30
Q

Seta (moss)

A

Stalk of sporophyte

31
Q

Rhizoids

A

“Roots” of moss

32
Q

Capsule

A

Sprorangangia

33
Q

Leaf like arrangement moss

A

Spirally arranged

34
Q

Class sphagnidae

A

Peat mosses
One of the most abundant plants on earth
Peat lands store large amounts of carbon

35
Q

Sphagnum Peat Moss

A

Unique leaf structure allows leaves to absorb large quantities of water

36
Q

Uses of peat mosses

A

Water holding capacity 20x dry weight
Acids and antiseptics
Diaper or bandage
Horticulture
Harvested and burned for fuel

37
Q

Bodies of the bog

A

Northeastern Europe
Many died violent deaths
Skeletons to well preserved complete bodies to isolated to heads and limbs
8000 b. To the early midieval

38
Q

Class Andreaeidae

A
39
Q

Class Bryidae

A

Common mosses

40
Q

Calyptra

A

Top of archegonia

41
Q

Operculum

A

Comes off like a cap

42
Q

Peristome

A

Has teeth, spores come out

43
Q

Liverworts

A

Phylum Hepaticophyta
Not spirally arranged

44
Q

Thalloid liverworts

A

No stemlike or leaf like structures.
Flattened

45
Q

Leafy liverworts

A

Leaf arrangements in rows
Asexual reproduction by fragmentation

46
Q

Gemmae cups

A

Sends out fragments of itself

47
Q

Air pores in liverworts

A

Look like stomata, no guards

48
Q

Liverwort lifecycle

A

Archegoniaphore: neck cells into the vent or
Antheridaphore: tree like structure, antheridia head, rain falls splashes out sperm, sperm splash to the archegoniaphore, the sperm swim to the archegonia to fertilize

49
Q

Elaters

A

Help to allow spores to shoot out

50
Q

Hornwort

A

Phylum Anthocerophyta
Shaped like a horn
Asexual reproduction fragmentation
Sexual reproduction archegonia and antheridia
Sporophyte width lot of stomata
Capsules shaped like horn

51
Q

Stomata on sporophytes

A

Hornwort

52
Q

Ecological Importance

A
  • Frequently colonize rock previously
  • Play a role in forming soil
    *prevent soil erosion
  • Retain moisture
  • Store carbon
53
Q

Mosses vs. liverworts

A

Mosses
*leaves spirally arranged
*leaves usually w costa
*Leaves rarely lobed
Liverworts
*Leaves in rows
*Leaves lacking costa
*leaves often lobed

54
Q

Liverworts vs. Hornworts

A

Liverworts
*leafy or thalloid
*Apical Region: many chloroplasts
*Capsules spherical to elongate
*Sporophyte lacking stomata
Hornworts
*Thalloid
*Apical Region: single chloroplast
*Capsules elongate horn-like
*Sporophyte with stomata

Botany (8 decks)

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