Dna Rna Genetics

Question 1

DNA has what bases

Answer 1

Adinine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytocine

Question 2

Ribonucleic Acid

Answer 2

RNA ribose has an extra oh group

Question 3

RNA

Answer 3

Has base of uracil instead of thymine
Single strand helix

Question 4

How was DNA discovered?

Answer 4

In 1953 Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin took X ray diffraction images of DNA

Question 5

Genotype

Answer 5

A sequence of nucleotide bases in DNA

Question 6

Phenotype

Answer 6

Organisms specific traits.

Question 7

What is transcription?

Answer 7

The transfer of genetic info from DNA to RNA.
Producing mRNA. Happens in the nucleus.

Question 8

What is translation?

Answer 8

Converting information of RNA into proteins. Uses ribosomes to read mRNA to bring in tRNA and build polypeptides

Question 9

What is genetic code?

Answer 9

nucleotide sequence built into amino acid sequence.

Question 10

What are codons?

Answer 10

Triplets of bases. Sets of three letters that specify a specific amino acid.

Question 11

What is a polypeptide?

Answer 11

Chain of amino acids, a protein

Question 12

How fast does DNA replicate?

Answer 12

50 nucleotides/ sec
Replicates from 5’ to 3’ ends
Can repair damaged DNA

Question 13

Codons and Amino acids

Answer 13

Codes of three letters that represent different amino acids. Can build 20 types of amino acids.

Question 14

Steps to protein

Answer 14

1 translation
2 RNA processing
3 amino acid attachment
4 initiation of translation
5 elongation ( using anti codon and codon)
6 termination ( using stop codon)

Question 15

Mutations

Answer 15

Any change in normal sequence

Question 16

Mutation types

Answer 16

• base substitution
• deletions
• insertions

Question 17

Mutations may result from?

Answer 17

-Errors in DNA replication or in recombination ( crossing over)
-mutagens can act as carcinogens, physical or chemical agents such as x- rays, uv light, chemicals

Question 18

Mutations may be harmful or helpful

Answer 18

• may lead to genetic disease or cancer
  -may lead to diversity of genes

Question 19

Transcription and translation

Answer 19

Translation from nucleic acid language to amino acid language

Question 20

Gene

Answer 20

Section of DNA that has a recipe for proteins

Question 21

Protein synthesis

Answer 21

Occurs through transcription and translation.

Question 22

DNA and RNA

Answer 22

Shared by all life

Question 23

Intron

Answer 23

a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule which does not code for proteins and interrupts the sequence of genes.

Question 24

tRNA

Answer 24

Transfer RNA molecule
Connects to codon to build amino acid

Question 25

mRNA

Answer 25

Connects to tRNA codon

Question 26

Stop codon

Answer 26

Tells tRNA where to stop