Kinetics and Thermodynamics Flashcards
what do particles need to do in order to react?
an effective collision
in terms of collisions, how is a reaction sped up?
more collisions
what can be done to increase a rate of reaction?
increase concentration, increase temperature, increase surface area (smaller particles), add a catalyst.
what does an exothermic reaction do?
release energy
what type of reaction absorbs energy?
endothermic
what are the signs of the heat of reaction for an exo and endothermic reaction?
exothermic a negative heat of reaction and endothermic a positive heat of reaction
if energy is a reactant, is the reaction exo or endothermic? Product?
reactant endothermic. product exothermic
what is the heat of reaction?
difference in energy between the products and reactants
what is the activation energy?
energy needed to start a chemical reaction and form the activated complex
is an exothermic reaction an uphill or downhill graph? endothermic?
exo downhill endothermic uphill
how does a catalyst speed up a chemical reaction?
by lowering the activation energy
does a catalyst change the heat of reaction?
NO, a catalyst does not change the heat of reaction?
what 2 things are needed for an effective collision?
enough energy and a proper angle
what is entropy
disorder
what phase of matter is the most disordered?
gas
what is equilibrium?
when the rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal
how can you tell you have achieved equilibrium?
amounts of reactants and products become constant
what happens when a saturated solution is at equilibrium?
The rate of dissolving is equal to the rate of crystallization
when is a stoppered flask at equilibrium?
The rate of evaporation of H2O(ℓ) equals the rate of condensation of H2O(g).
With lechat’s principle, when you add heat or concentration, how does it shift?
add- away (take- towards)
With lechat’s principle, when you increase pressure, how does it shift?
to fewer moles of GAS
