Kinetic Theory Flashcards
What is the equation for pressure?
pressure(Nm-2)= force(N)/area(M2)
What is the standard atmospheric pressure and temperature?
101 325 (atmospheric pressure)
273(temperature)
What does Boyle’s law state? and its formula?
a fixed number of moles of a gas at a fixed temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to pressure
formula: P1V1(initial pressure & volume) = P2V2 (final pressure & volume)
How to turn Celcius into Kelvin & Kelvin into Celsius?
Kelvin temperature= C + 273 K
Celcius= C-273 K
What does Charles Law State? and its formula?
a fixed number of moles of a gas at a constant pressure, the volume is directly proportional to its absolute temperature
formula: V1/T1(initial volume & temperature) = V2/T2 (final volume and final temperature)
What is said gases are?
small molecules eg ammonia, sulphur dioxide or isolated atoms eg helium, argon
What are the particles in a gas?
are arranged randomly
far apart from each other
move rapidly and randomly
What does the kinetic theory of gases state?
gas particles do not have volume
collision between gas particles are elastic
gas particles move randomly
gas particles do not attract each other
What is the difference between an ideal and real gas?
a gas that follows those characteristics are considered to be an ideal gas, gases that do not obey Charles and Boyles law at all temperatures and gases are real gases
Why is the kinetic theory not always obeyed?
we cannot ignore the volume between the particles and the attraction between the particles are not zero
What happens at very high pressures and low temperatures?
particles are closer together
forces of attraction between the molecules cannot be ignored
attractive forces between the particles pull them toward each other
the pressure is lower than expected for an ideal gas and the effective volume of a gas is lower than expected
What is the equation for ideal gases?
PV= nRT
for moles: PV=mRT/M
P is for pressure, Pa
V is for volume (1m3= 1000 dm3)
n is for the number of moles
R is the gas constant (8.31 J K-1 mol-1)
T is the temperature in kelvin
What is said about the liquid state?
are not regularly arranged
are closer together
more kinetic energy than a solid so that particles are able to slide over each other
What happens when a solid is heated?
the energy transferred increases the vibration of particles. the temperature of a solid increases
the forces of attraction between the particles weaken
when the solid melts energy is transferred to make the particles slide over each other
the melting point is the temperature when the solid is in equilibrium with the liquid
What happens when a liquid is heated?
the energy transferred increases the movement and energy between he particles. the temperature of the liquid increases.
the forces of attraction between the particles weaken until they escape from the liquid as water vapour which is called vaporisation.
the liquid boils when enough energy is being transferred to allow the equilibrium between the liquid and a gas phase
