Kinetic particle model of matter

Question 1

Describe particle motion in solids.

Answer 1

vibration about a fixed position

Question 2

Can solids be compressed?

Answer 2

no

Question 3

Do solids have a fixed shape?

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

Do solids have a fixed volume?

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

How are the forces of attraction/bonds between molecules in a solid?

Answer 5

strong

Question 6

How are molecules arranged in solids?

Answer 6

regular arrangement, molecules close together, tightly packed

Question 7

Describe particle motion in liquids.

Answer 7

Particles flow and move over each other

Question 8

Can liquids be compressed?

Answer 8

no

Question 9

Do liquids have a fixed shape?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

Do liquids have a fixed volume?

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

How are the forces of attraction/bonds between molecules in a liquid?

Answer 11

weaker than in a solid

Question 12

How are molecules arranged in liquids?

Answer 12

molecules are close together, irregular arrangement

Question 13

Describe particle motion in gases, and the shape they take.

Answer 13

molecules are free to move, move randomly, all directions
take shape of container

Question 14

Can gases be compressed?

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

Do gases have a fixed shape?

Answer 15

no

Question 16

Do gases have a fixed volume?

Answer 16

no

Question 17

How are the forces of attraction/bonds between molecules in a gas?

Answer 17

weak forces of attraction, molecules far apart

Question 18

What is internal energy?

Answer 18

energy of the molecules of a body

Question 19

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 19

energy due to molecule movement

Question 20

What is potential energy?

Answer 20

energy due to forces and separation of molecules

Question 21

The greater the ______ of the molecules, the greater the potential energy

Answer 21

separation

Question 22

In potential energy, what is the type of force?

Answer 22

electrical

Question 23

solid -> liquid

Answer 23

melting

Question 24

gas -> liquid

Answer 24

condensation

Question 25

liquid -> solid

Answer 25

solidification
for water, freezing

Question 26

liquid -> gas

Answer 26

boiling or evaporation

Question 27

In order to weaken/break bonds between molecules, what do melting and boiling do?

Answer 27

absorb heat energy

Question 28

Which processes absorb heat energy? Why?

Answer 28

melting and boiling
to weaken and break bonds between molecules and increase molecule separation

Question 29

What happens as temperature increases, to particles?

Answer 29

they move faster

Question 30

What is the lowest possible temperature (absolute 0)?

Answer 30

-273 celcius degrees

Question 31

What does it mean to the particles if an object is at absolute 0?

Answer 31

particles have the least kinetic energy

Question 32

Describe the pressure of a gas, relation to motion of its particles and their collisions with a surface.

Answer 32

moving gas molecules collide with a surface, exerting a force.

Question 33

What is the effect of temperature on gas pressure? Why?

Answer 33

since molecules will move more quickly, they will collide with the walls of the container/surfaces more often, exerting a greater pressure
positive correlation

Question 34

What is one piece of evidence for the kinetic particle model of matter?

Answer 34

random movement of particles in suspension

Question 35

Describe Brownian motion.

Answer 35

Brownian motion is the random collision between particles in suspension and the particles of the gas/liquid

Question 36

What causes pressure in gases?

Answer 36

force exerted when a particle collides with surfaces (creates F/a)

Question 37

What is Boyle’s law?

Answer 37

For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, pressure is inversely proportional to volume

Question 38

What happens to the pressure of a gas as volume increases, at constant temperature?

Answer 38

decreases

Question 39

Why is pressure higher when volumes are smaller?

Answer 39

molecules collide off walls of the container more often.

Question 40

What is the formula to find out pressure and volume before and after?

Answer 40

P1V1=P2V2

Question 41

What happens to the pressure of a gas when temperature changes (volume constant)?

Answer 41

pressure increases as temperature increases

Question 42

Why is pressure higher at higher temperatures?

Answer 42

molecules move faster and collide with container walls more often.

Question 43

What is the equation relating degrees K and C?

Answer 43

T (in K) = 0 (in C) + 273

Question 44

Which processes emit heat energy? Why?

Answer 44

solidification and condensation, to strengthen or make molecular bonds and decrease molecule separation

Question 45

What is temperature, in terms of molecules?

Answer 45

measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance

Question 46

How is the graph for P x V = constant?

Answer 46

linear, from origin

Question 47

For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, what is the relationship between pressure and volume?

Answer 47

P x V = constant