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PHYSICS IGCSE > Kinetic particle model of matter > Flashcards

Kinetic particle model of matter Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe particle motion in solids.

A

vibration about a fixed position

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2
Q

Can solids be compressed?

A

no

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3
Q

Do solids have a fixed shape?

A

yes

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4
Q

Do solids have a fixed volume?

A

yes

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5
Q

How are the forces of attraction/bonds between molecules in a solid?

A

strong

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6
Q

How are molecules arranged in solids?

A

regular arrangement, molecules close together, tightly packed

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7
Q

Describe particle motion in liquids.

A

Particles flow and move over each other

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8
Q

Can liquids be compressed?

A

no

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9
Q

Do liquids have a fixed shape?

A

no

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10
Q

Do liquids have a fixed volume?

A

yes

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11
Q

How are the forces of attraction/bonds between molecules in a liquid?

A

weaker than in a solid

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12
Q

How are molecules arranged in liquids?

A

molecules are close together, irregular arrangement

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13
Q

Describe particle motion in gases, and the shape they take.

A

molecules are free to move, move randomly, all directions
take shape of container

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14
Q

Can gases be compressed?

A

yes

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15
Q

Do gases have a fixed shape?

A

no

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16
Q

Do gases have a fixed volume?

A

no

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17
Q

How are the forces of attraction/bonds between molecules in a gas?

A

weak forces of attraction, molecules far apart

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18
Q

What is internal energy?

A

energy of the molecules of a body

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19
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

energy due to molecule movement

20
Q

What is potential energy?

A

energy due to forces and separation of molecules

21
Q

The greater the ______ of the molecules, the greater the potential energy

A

separation

22
Q

In potential energy, what is the type of force?

A

electrical

23
Q

solid -> liquid

A

melting

24
Q

gas -> liquid

A

condensation

25
Q

liquid -> solid

A

solidification
for water, freezing

26
Q

liquid -> gas

A

boiling or evaporation

27
Q

In order to weaken/break bonds between molecules, what do melting and boiling do?

A

absorb heat energy

28
Q

Which processes absorb heat energy? Why?

A

melting and boiling
to weaken and break bonds between molecules and increase molecule separation

29
Q

What happens as temperature increases, to particles?

A

they move faster

30
Q

What is the lowest possible temperature (absolute 0)?

A

-273 celcius degrees

31
Q

What does it mean to the particles if an object is at absolute 0?

A

particles have the least kinetic energy

32
Q

Describe the pressure of a gas, relation to motion of its particles and their collisions with a surface.

A

moving gas molecules collide with a surface, exerting a force.

33
Q

What is the effect of temperature on gas pressure? Why?

A

since molecules will move more quickly, they will collide with the walls of the container/surfaces more often, exerting a greater pressure
positive correlation

34
Q

What is one piece of evidence for the kinetic particle model of matter?

A

random movement of particles in suspension

35
Q

Describe Brownian motion.

A

Brownian motion is the random collision between particles in suspension and the particles of the gas/liquid

36
Q

What causes pressure in gases?

A

force exerted when a particle collides with surfaces (creates F/a)

37
Q

What is Boyle’s law?

A

For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, pressure is inversely proportional to volume

38
Q

What happens to the pressure of a gas as volume increases, at constant temperature?

A

decreases

39
Q

Why is pressure higher when volumes are smaller?

A

molecules collide off walls of the container more often.

40
Q

What is the formula to find out pressure and volume before and after?

A

P1V1=P2V2

41
Q

What happens to the pressure of a gas when temperature changes (volume constant)?

A

pressure increases as temperature increases

42
Q

Why is pressure higher at higher temperatures?

A

molecules move faster and collide with container walls more often.

43
Q

What is the equation relating degrees K and C?

A

T (in K) = 0 (in C) + 273

44
Q

Which processes emit heat energy? Why?

A

solidification and condensation, to strengthen or make molecular bonds and decrease molecule separation

45
Q

What is temperature, in terms of molecules?

A

measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance

46
Q

How is the graph for P x V = constant?

A

linear, from origin

47
Q

For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, what is the relationship between pressure and volume?

A

P x V = constant

PHYSICS IGCSE (20 decks)

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