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Kinesiology/Biomechanics > Kinesiology Test Review > Flashcards

Kinesiology Test Review Flashcards

1
Q

Gravity is the most _____ _____.

A

Ubiquitous force

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2
Q

Scalar quantities

A

speed, mass

indicates magnitude only

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3
Q

Vector quantities

A

Velocity, weight

indicates magnitude and direction

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4
Q

Rotational work

A

T X angular displacement

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5
Q

Mechanical Advantage

A

A ratio of the effort arm to the resistance arm
MA = EA/RA
A mechanical advantage of <1 reflects a relative disadvantage

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6
Q

Levers are meant to…

A

multiply force to gain mechanical advantage or to multiply speed and range of motion

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7
Q

Impulse momentum theorem

Force over a little period of time=

A

Greater impact

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8
Q

Impulse momentum theorem

Force spread over a large period of time=

A

Less impact

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9
Q

Equilibrium

A

ability to maintain balance

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10
Q

how many bones are in the body?

A

206 bones

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11
Q

How many vertebrae are there?

A

33 total

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12
Q

Joint stability is inversely related to joint…

A

ROM, Mobility, Flexibility

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13
Q

The more ROM, Mobility, and flexibility a joint has…

A

the less stable it is

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14
Q

Frontal plane movement

A

anterioposterior axis of rotation

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15
Q

saggital plane movement

A

transverse rotational axis

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16
Q

horizontal plane movement

A

longitudinal axis

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17
Q

Porperties of muscle tissue

A 
extensible
elastic
irritable
contractile
adaptable
18
Q

Flat muscle

A

Parallel muscle
thin, broad, originating from a broad, fibrous, sheet-like aponeurosis that allows them to spread their force over a large area.
Example: rectus abdominus and external oblique

19
Q

Fusiform muscle

A

parallel
spindle shaped with a central belly that tapers to the tendons on each end
Example: brachialis and brachioradialis

20
Q

Strap Muscle

A

parallel
more uniform in diameter with all of their fibers arranged in a long parallel manner.
example: Sartorius

21
Q

Radiate muscle

A

parallel
triangular, fan-shaped, or convergent. Combined fiber arrangement of flat and fusiform muscle.
Example: pectoralis major and trapezius

22
Q

Unipennate muscle fibers

A

run obliquely in relation to their tendon on only one side

Example: biceps femoris and tibialis post

23
Q

Bipennate muscle fibers

A

fibers run obliquely on both sides of a central tendon

Example: rectus femoris and hallucis longus

24
Q

Multipennate muscle fibers

A

have several tendons with fibers arranged obliquely

Example: deltoid

25
Q

Which pennate muscle fibers produce the strongest contraction?

A

Bipennate and unipennate

26
Q

Smallest functional unit within a muscle fiber?

A

sarcomere

27
Q

Motor unit

A

consists of alpha motor neuron and the associated muscle fibers that it intervates.

28
Q

What determines the muscle fiber type, characteristics, function, and involvement in exercise?

A

The motor unit

29
Q

Neuromuscular Junction NMJ

A

The interface between the nerve and the skeletal muscle

30
Q

Maximal strength and power increase of agonist muscles generally result from an increase in…

A

recruitment, rate of firing, synchronization of firing, or a combination of these factors

31
Q

Size principle

A

Motor units are recruited in order according to their recruitment threshold and firing rates

32
Q

Selective Recruitment

A

Lower threshold motor units are inhibited to allow preferential recruitment for fast twitch motor units. Occur in certain circumstances

33
Q

Cross innervation

A

one muscle fiber can be innervated by two neurons

34
Q

bilateral deficit

A

force produced when both limbs are contracting together is less than the sum of the forces they produce when contracting unilaterally
Example: cycling

35
Q

Concontraction

A

Muscle activity of the antagonist during agonist movements.

Mechanism to increase joint stability

36
Q

twitch

A

brief rapid contraction of a muscle

37
Q

tetanus

A

multiple electrical impulses must be sent in sequence until it increases to tetanus where tension in the muscle is sustained

38
Q

What dictates muscle fiber types?

A

Neuron

39
Q

Rate coding

A

increasing or decreasing the frequency of motor neuron activity

40
Q

recruitment patterns

A

motor unit recruitment patterns calls upon different numbers or motor units within the muscle

41
Q

Size order principle of motor unit recruitment

A

generally slow twitch fibers are recruited first due to their lower activation threshold than fast twitch motor units

42
Q

Pre-movement Silence

A

A positive adaptation seen in trained individuals, wherein just prior to explosive movement, all neuronal imput ceases. This readies the motor units so they can be fired simultaneously

Kinesiology/Biomechanics (8 decks)

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