Kines Chapter 6 Flashcards
Defined as the length of a muscle when it is not shortened or lengthened by active contraction, or the application of external forces
Normal resting length
Is a muscle characteristic of responding to stimulus, an impulse from a nerve or external application of electrical current, resulting in contraction
Irritability
Is a muscles characteristic of contracting, thus generating force, when an adequate stimulus is applied
Contractility
Is a muscle characteristic to stretch or lengthen when a force is applied
Extensibility
Is a muscle characteristic of return to normal resting length when the stretch or shortening force is removed
Elasticity
Muscles are composed of groups of these
Muscle fibers
Muscle fibers are bound together into bundles termed these
fascicles
Individual must have fiber are composed of smaller bundles, termed these
Myofibrils
Myofibrils are divided longitudinally into functional divisions, termed these
sarcomeres
Longitudinal, divisions, separating sarcomeres are termed these
Z – lines
Each sarcomere comprises a network of contractile proteins: two thinner 1.____ filaments on either side of thicker 2. _____ filaments
- actin
- Myosin
This describes the interaction between acting and myosin, explaining how force is produced during muscle contraction
Sliding filament theory
Optimal link this is the link of a muscle when in a condition without stimulation
Resting length
Slow twitch or slow oxidative type of muscle, characterized by a smaller diameter and response less quickly to neural stimulation, known for endurance and aerobic exercise
Type I Slow Twitch
Fast twitch or fast, glycolic type of muscle associated with anaerobic exercise
Type 2 Fast twitch
Our groups of muscle fibers innervated by the same motor neuron
Motor units
Fibrous, connective tissue, connecting muscle to bone
Tendon
Disconnect bone to bone made of fibrous connective tissue
Ligament
The place where muscle joins tendon
Musculotendinosis junction
Place where tendon joins bone
Tenoperiosteal junction
Is the proximal muscle attachment
Origin
Is the distal muscle attachment
Insertion
Fiber, arrangements are structured with long fiber, spanning the entire length of the muscle from origin to insertion
Parallel muscle
Fiber, arrangements are structured with relatively short, fiber, attaching obliquely to a tendon
Oblique muscle
Angle at which a muscle tendon attaches to a bone or other anatomical structures
Angle of insertion
A line drawn from origin to insertion of a muscle, accounting, for twist, terms, and bone prominences along the path from origin to insertion
Line of pull
Angle, oblique muscle fibers within a pennate or multipennate muscle attached to the muscle tendons
The angle of pennation
Our long and thin, with consistent with along the entire span
Strap muscles
Are wider in the middle of the muscle and taper to tendons at each end
Fusiform muscles
Are four sided, usually flat, with broad attachments at each end
Quadrilateral muscles
Are flat and fan shaped, with fibers radiating from a narrow attachment at one end to a broad attachment at the other
Triangular muscles
Look like one side of a feather with a series of short fibers attached at an oblique angle to its tendon
Unipennate Muscles
Look like a common feather, with a series of short fibers, attached at an oblique angle, along both sides of a central tendon
Bipennate Muscles
Are similar to bipennate muscles , except they have multiple tendons
Multipennate Muscles
Muscle contractions produce the required movement for performance of a desired activity
Agonist
Muscles perform the opposite movement to their agonist muscles
Antagonist
Agonist muscles and their antagonist counterparts contract simultaneously the result is termed
Co-Contraction
Two or more muscles work in combination to produce a desired movement, that cannot be performed by a single muscle. They are termed.
Synergist muscles
Occurs when a muscle contracts, producing force, but without a change in joint position
Isometric contraction
Occurs when a muscle contracts, resulting in muscle attachments, origin and insertion, moving toward each other and joint movement occurs
Concentric contraction
Occurs when a muscle lengthen its muscle attachments move away from each other
Eccentric contraction
Contraction which no joint movement occurs as a result of muscle contraction
Isometric contraction
Refers to increasing force within a muscle as a result of muscle contraction or application of external load
Tension
Is the tension present in the muscle at all times even when the muscle is resting
Tone
____ of a muscle is that distance from maximum lengthening to maximum shortening?
excursion
Occurs when a multi joint muscle cannot actively shorten simultaneously through full range of motion at all joints it spans
Active insufficiency
Occurs when a multi joint muscle cannot lengthen simultaneously across all joints it spans
Passive insufficiency
This is a result of prolong stretch
Adaptive lengthening
This is a result of prolong shortening, a condition that accompanies prolong lengthening of tissues on the opposite side of the affected joint
Adaptive shortening
Permanent adaptive shortening is termed
Contracture
Closing of fingers through tendon action rather than muscle contraction
Tenodesis
Exercises are designed to Lincoln, muscle and tissues, spanning a joint beyond current extensibility, resulting in an increase in length of the muscle and tissues
Stretching
This is an overstretching of muscle fibers, and is graded by the degree of severity
Strain
A complete tearing of a tendon may occur when stress placed on a muscle is greater than the stress, causing a strain
Rupture
These are hyper irritable points that are painful
Trigger points
Is inflammation of a tendon, presenting at the musculotendinosis junction, tenoperiosteal junction, or within the body of the tendon
Tendinitis
The OIAN table is a summary of
Origin, insertion, action, and nerve
