Kines Chapter 6

Question 1

Defined as the length of a muscle when it is not shortened or lengthened by active contraction, or the application of external forces

Answer 1

Normal resting length

Question 2

Is a muscle characteristic of responding to stimulus, an impulse from a nerve or external application of electrical current, resulting in contraction

Answer 2

Irritability

Question 3

Is a muscles characteristic of contracting, thus generating force, when an adequate stimulus is applied

Answer 3

Contractility

Question 4

Is a muscle characteristic to stretch or lengthen when a force is applied

Answer 4

Extensibility

Question 5

Is a muscle characteristic of return to normal resting length when the stretch or shortening force is removed

Answer 5

Elasticity

Question 6

Muscles are composed of groups of these

Answer 6

Muscle fibers

Question 7

Muscle fibers are bound together into bundles termed these

Answer 7

fascicles

Question 8

Individual must have fiber are composed of smaller bundles, termed these

Answer 8

Myofibrils

Question 9

Myofibrils are divided longitudinally into functional divisions, termed these

Answer 9

sarcomeres

Question 10

Longitudinal, divisions, separating sarcomeres are termed these

Answer 10

Z – lines

Question 11

Each sarcomere comprises a network of contractile proteins: two thinner 1.____ filaments on either side of thicker 2. _____ filaments

Answer 11

1. actin
2. Myosin

Question 12

This describes the interaction between acting and myosin, explaining how force is produced during muscle contraction

Answer 12

Sliding filament theory

Question 13

Optimal link this is the link of a muscle when in a condition without stimulation

Answer 13

Resting length

Question 14

Slow twitch or slow oxidative type of muscle, characterized by a smaller diameter and response less quickly to neural stimulation, known for endurance and aerobic exercise

Answer 14

Type I Slow Twitch

Question 15

Fast twitch or fast, glycolic type of muscle associated with anaerobic exercise

Answer 15

Type 2 Fast twitch

Question 16

Our groups of muscle fibers innervated by the same motor neuron

Answer 16

Motor units

Question 17

Fibrous, connective tissue, connecting muscle to bone

Answer 17

Tendon

Question 18

Disconnect bone to bone made of fibrous connective tissue

Answer 18

Ligament

Question 19

The place where muscle joins tendon

Answer 19

Musculotendinosis junction

Question 20

Place where tendon joins bone

Answer 20

Tenoperiosteal junction

Question 21

Is the proximal muscle attachment

Answer 21

Origin

Question 22

Is the distal muscle attachment

Answer 22

Insertion

Question 23

Fiber, arrangements are structured with long fiber, spanning the entire length of the muscle from origin to insertion

Answer 23

Parallel muscle

Question 24

Fiber, arrangements are structured with relatively short, fiber, attaching obliquely to a tendon

Answer 24

Oblique muscle

Question 25

Angle at which a muscle tendon attaches to a bone or other anatomical structures

Answer 25

Angle of insertion

Question 26

A line drawn from origin to insertion of a muscle, accounting, for twist, terms, and bone prominences along the path from origin to insertion

Answer 26

Line of pull

Question 27

Angle, oblique muscle fibers within a pennate or multipennate muscle attached to the muscle tendons

Answer 27

The angle of pennation

Question 28

Our long and thin, with consistent with along the entire span

Answer 28

Strap muscles

Question 29

Are wider in the middle of the muscle and taper to tendons at each end

Answer 29

Fusiform muscles

Question 30

Are four sided, usually flat, with broad attachments at each end

Answer 30

Quadrilateral muscles

Question 31

Are flat and fan shaped, with fibers radiating from a narrow attachment at one end to a broad attachment at the other

Answer 31

Triangular muscles

Question 32

Look like one side of a feather with a series of short fibers attached at an oblique angle to its tendon

Answer 32

Unipennate Muscles

Question 33

Look like a common feather, with a series of short fibers, attached at an oblique angle, along both sides of a central tendon

Answer 33

Bipennate Muscles

Question 34

Are similar to bipennate muscles , except they have multiple tendons

Answer 34

Multipennate Muscles

Question 35

Muscle contractions produce the required movement for performance of a desired activity

Answer 35

Agonist

Question 36

Muscles perform the opposite movement to their agonist muscles

Answer 36

Antagonist

Question 37

Agonist muscles and their antagonist counterparts contract simultaneously the result is termed

Answer 37

Co-Contraction

Question 38

Two or more muscles work in combination to produce a desired movement, that cannot be performed by a single muscle. They are termed.

Answer 38

Synergist muscles

Question 39

Occurs when a muscle contracts, producing force, but without a change in joint position

Answer 39

Isometric contraction

Question 40

Occurs when a muscle contracts, resulting in muscle attachments, origin and insertion, moving toward each other and joint movement occurs

Answer 40

Concentric contraction

Question 41

Occurs when a muscle lengthen its muscle attachments move away from each other

Answer 41

Eccentric contraction

Question 42

Contraction which no joint movement occurs as a result of muscle contraction

Answer 42

Isometric contraction

Question 43

Refers to increasing force within a muscle as a result of muscle contraction or application of external load

Answer 43

Tension

Question 44

Is the tension present in the muscle at all times even when the muscle is resting

Answer 44

Tone

Question 45

____ of a muscle is that distance from maximum lengthening to maximum shortening?

Answer 45

excursion

Question 46

Occurs when a multi joint muscle cannot actively shorten simultaneously through full range of motion at all joints it spans

Answer 46

Active insufficiency

Question 47

Occurs when a multi joint muscle cannot lengthen simultaneously across all joints it spans

Answer 47

Passive insufficiency

Question 48

This is a result of prolong stretch

Answer 48

Adaptive lengthening

Question 49

This is a result of prolong shortening, a condition that accompanies prolong lengthening of tissues on the opposite side of the affected joint

Answer 49

Adaptive shortening

Question 50

Permanent adaptive shortening is termed

Answer 50

Contracture

Question 51

Closing of fingers through tendon action rather than muscle contraction

Answer 51

Tenodesis

Question 52

Exercises are designed to Lincoln, muscle and tissues, spanning a joint beyond current extensibility, resulting in an increase in length of the muscle and tissues

Answer 52

Stretching

Question 53

This is an overstretching of muscle fibers, and is graded by the degree of severity

Answer 53

Strain

Question 54

A complete tearing of a tendon may occur when stress placed on a muscle is greater than the stress, causing a strain

Answer 54

Rupture

Question 55

These are hyper irritable points that are painful

Answer 55

Trigger points

Question 56

Is inflammation of a tendon, presenting at the musculotendinosis junction, tenoperiosteal junction, or within the body of the tendon

Answer 56

Tendinitis

Question 57

The OIAN table is a summary of

Answer 57

Origin, insertion, action, and nerve