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Kines Vocab Study > Kines Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Kines Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Defined as the length of a muscle when it is not shortened or lengthened by active contraction, or the application of external forces

A

Normal resting length

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2
Q

Is a muscle characteristic of responding to stimulus, an impulse from a nerve or external application of electrical current, resulting in contraction

A

Irritability

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3
Q

Is a muscles characteristic of contracting, thus generating force, when an adequate stimulus is applied

A

Contractility

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4
Q

Is a muscle characteristic to stretch or lengthen when a force is applied

A

Extensibility

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5
Q

Is a muscle characteristic of return to normal resting length when the stretch or shortening force is removed

A

Elasticity

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6
Q

Muscles are composed of groups of these

A

Muscle fibers

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7
Q

Muscle fibers are bound together into bundles termed these

A

fascicles

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8
Q

Individual must have fiber are composed of smaller bundles, termed these

A

Myofibrils

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9
Q

Myofibrils are divided longitudinally into functional divisions, termed these

A

sarcomeres

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10
Q

Longitudinal, divisions, separating sarcomeres are termed these

A

Z – lines

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11
Q

Each sarcomere comprises a network of contractile proteins: two thinner 1.____ filaments on either side of thicker 2. _____ filaments

A
  1. actin
  2. Myosin
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12
Q

This describes the interaction between acting and myosin, explaining how force is produced during muscle contraction

A

Sliding filament theory

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13
Q

Optimal link this is the link of a muscle when in a condition without stimulation

A

Resting length

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14
Q

Slow twitch or slow oxidative type of muscle, characterized by a smaller diameter and response less quickly to neural stimulation, known for endurance and aerobic exercise

A

Type I Slow Twitch

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15
Q

Fast twitch or fast, glycolic type of muscle associated with anaerobic exercise

A

Type 2 Fast twitch

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16
Q

Our groups of muscle fibers innervated by the same motor neuron

A

Motor units

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17
Q

Fibrous, connective tissue, connecting muscle to bone

A

Tendon

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18
Q

Disconnect bone to bone made of fibrous connective tissue

A

Ligament

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19
Q

The place where muscle joins tendon

A

Musculotendinosis junction

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20
Q

Place where tendon joins bone

A

Tenoperiosteal junction

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21
Q

Is the proximal muscle attachment

A

Origin

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22
Q

Is the distal muscle attachment

A

Insertion

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23
Q

Fiber, arrangements are structured with long fiber, spanning the entire length of the muscle from origin to insertion

A

Parallel muscle

24
Q

Fiber, arrangements are structured with relatively short, fiber, attaching obliquely to a tendon

A

Oblique muscle

25
Q

Angle at which a muscle tendon attaches to a bone or other anatomical structures

A

Angle of insertion

26
Q

A line drawn from origin to insertion of a muscle, accounting, for twist, terms, and bone prominences along the path from origin to insertion

A

Line of pull

27
Q

Angle, oblique muscle fibers within a pennate or multipennate muscle attached to the muscle tendons

A

The angle of pennation

28
Q

Our long and thin, with consistent with along the entire span

A

Strap muscles

29
Q

Are wider in the middle of the muscle and taper to tendons at each end

A

Fusiform muscles

30
Q

Are four sided, usually flat, with broad attachments at each end

A

Quadrilateral muscles

31
Q

Are flat and fan shaped, with fibers radiating from a narrow attachment at one end to a broad attachment at the other

A

Triangular muscles

32
Q

Look like one side of a feather with a series of short fibers attached at an oblique angle to its tendon

A

Unipennate Muscles

33
Q

Look like a common feather, with a series of short fibers, attached at an oblique angle, along both sides of a central tendon

A

Bipennate Muscles

34
Q

Are similar to bipennate muscles , except they have multiple tendons

A

Multipennate Muscles

35
Q

Muscle contractions produce the required movement for performance of a desired activity

A

Agonist

36
Q

Muscles perform the opposite movement to their agonist muscles

A

Antagonist

37
Q

Agonist muscles and their antagonist counterparts contract simultaneously the result is termed

A

Co-Contraction

38
Q

Two or more muscles work in combination to produce a desired movement, that cannot be performed by a single muscle. They are termed.

A

Synergist muscles

39
Q

Occurs when a muscle contracts, producing force, but without a change in joint position

A

Isometric contraction

40
Q

Occurs when a muscle contracts, resulting in muscle attachments, origin and insertion, moving toward each other and joint movement occurs

A

Concentric contraction

41
Q

Occurs when a muscle lengthen its muscle attachments move away from each other

A

Eccentric contraction

42
Q

Contraction which no joint movement occurs as a result of muscle contraction

A

Isometric contraction

43
Q

Refers to increasing force within a muscle as a result of muscle contraction or application of external load

A

Tension

44
Q

Is the tension present in the muscle at all times even when the muscle is resting

A

Tone

45
Q

____ of a muscle is that distance from maximum lengthening to maximum shortening?

A

excursion

46
Q

Occurs when a multi joint muscle cannot actively shorten simultaneously through full range of motion at all joints it spans

A

Active insufficiency

47
Q

Occurs when a multi joint muscle cannot lengthen simultaneously across all joints it spans

A

Passive insufficiency

48
Q

This is a result of prolong stretch

A

Adaptive lengthening

49
Q

This is a result of prolong shortening, a condition that accompanies prolong lengthening of tissues on the opposite side of the affected joint

A

Adaptive shortening

50
Q

Permanent adaptive shortening is termed

A

Contracture

51
Q

Closing of fingers through tendon action rather than muscle contraction

A

Tenodesis

52
Q

Exercises are designed to Lincoln, muscle and tissues, spanning a joint beyond current extensibility, resulting in an increase in length of the muscle and tissues

A

Stretching

53
Q

This is an overstretching of muscle fibers, and is graded by the degree of severity

A

Strain

54
Q

A complete tearing of a tendon may occur when stress placed on a muscle is greater than the stress, causing a strain

A

Rupture

55
Q

These are hyper irritable points that are painful

A

Trigger points

56
Q

Is inflammation of a tendon, presenting at the musculotendinosis junction, tenoperiosteal junction, or within the body of the tendon

A

Tendinitis

57
Q

The OIAN table is a summary of

A

Origin, insertion, action, and nerve

Kines Vocab Study (7 decks)

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