Kines Chapter 2 Flashcards
flashcards
The application of principles and methods of mechanics to the structure (anatomy) and function (Kinesology) of the human body to produce stability and movement
Biomechanics
Branch of physics, dealing with the study of forces, and the effect of application of forces, on stability and motion of the body
Mechanics
factors associated with non-Moving systems
Statics
Involves two factors associated with moving systems; kinetics and kinematics
Dynamics
Forces producing stabilization or movement in a system
Kinetics
Motion created by forces and incorporates the factors of times space and mass of a moving system
Kinematics
Describes magnitude only; examples. Speed, length, area, volume, mass.
scalar quantity
Amount, or aggregate of matter in an object
Mass
Describes, magnitude and direction; examples. Force, velocity, acceleration.
Vector
Is the amount and direction of push or pull applied to objects of body segments
Force
Mutual attraction between earth of an object
Gravity
Force exerted on an object or person, as a result from gravity
Gravitational force
Result of gravitational force, and mass of an object, and always pushes directly downward
Weight
Upward force, a supporting surface exerts on an object (person) when a person pushes down on supporting surface
Ground reaction
Forced between two surfaces that increases resistance to motion of one surface across another
Friction
When two or more forces act along the same line
Linear forces
Occur in same plane, and insane or opposite direction
Parallel forces
Specific configuration of parallel forces, occurring when two or more forces act in different directions, producing either clockwise or counterclockwise rotation
Forced couple
When two or more forces act on an object, but push or pull in different directions
Concurrent forces
Represents the sum of the magnitudes and direction of each individual, force, vector, indicating the magnitude and direction of movement, resulting from the application of all horses acting on an object
Resultant force
Forces calls, join distraction, in which joint surfaces, pull apart from one another, placing tension on tissues that whole joint together
Traction
Call joint approximation in which joint services are pushed close together
Compression
Forces cause a gliding motion, in which joint services move parallel to one another
shear
Occurs when a force is not applied at the central axis of an elongated object, such a long bone, and the object bends
Bending
Forces are two opposing forces, creating twisting within an object
Torsional
Is the rate of change of position (magnitude) and the direction of that change, measured by change of distance within a given time, such as feet (distance traveled) per second(time).
Velocity
The rate of change of velocity (magnitude) and direction of that change, measured by changing velocity (distance traveled per unit of time) per second(time).
Acceleration
Term movement of force is the tendency of a force to produce rotation about an axis
Torque
Perpendicular distance between the line of application of force in the axis of rotation
Moment arm
The linear distance from the application of force to the axis of rotation
Force arm
Angle at which force is applied
Angle of application of force
This law states that an object either stays at rest, or remains in motion in a constant state, unless acted upon by an external force
Law of inertia
To relationship between force mass and acceleration acceleration of an object is inversely related to the mass of an object, and directly proportionate to the amount of force applied to the object
Law of acceleration
States that for every action there’s an equal and opposite reaction
Law of action reaction
Is the point at which the sum of the mass of all body segments is located
Center of mass COM
Is the point at which gravity acts on the center of mass
Center of gravity or COG
Is an imaginary vertical line, passing through the COG to the center of the Earth
Line of gravity
Also, term, transitory motion occurs when all parts of an object move the same distance in the same direction at the same time
Linear motion
Movement that occurs in a path that is not circular
Curvilinear motion
Movement of an object around a fixed point
Angular motion, or rotary motion
Is a tool that permits a change in magnitude or effort (force) or direction of force required to lift a load or both
Simple machine
Simple machines that changed the relationship between force and distance necessary to create or control motion
Mechanical advantage
Is a rigid plank that can rotate about a fulcrum when forces are applying
Lever
Is the MA between the resistance (load) hey lover must move in the axis of the leverage
Resistance arm
Between the force and resistance producing a configuration of F> A>R or R>A>F
First class lever
Resistance is between the axis, and forced producing a configuration of A>R>F or F>R>A
Second class lever
Horses between the resistance and axis, producing a configuration of A>F>R or R>F>A
Third class lever
Is a groove wheel that turns about an axle or axis
Pulley
Is a single pulley attached to a fixed point creating a first class level configuration
Fix pulley
Is a slanted surface that rises from one level to another
Incline plane
Combines the principle of a fixed pulley to change direction of force application in the principle of a moving pulley to change the magnitude of force applied to lift a load
Movable pulley
