kin midterm 2 Flashcards
class ideology
web of ideas that people use to
-understand economic inequalities
-identify themselves and other in terms of class position
-power, prestige, and privilege are connected to certain classes more than others
power
a relationship in which an individual, group, or organization is capable of exerting influence over others and resist the influence of individuals, groups or organizations
privilege
- a pattern of increased opportunities related to the features of the local environment
-people have more opportunities and personal resources to access a higher range if services enabling healthier lives
social class
-categories of people who share a similar economic position based on a combination of wealth, income, education, occupation, residence, buying power, social networks
-people tend to hang around people in same class as them
-the class you are born into usually dictates what class you will be in for the rest of your life
socio-economic status
refers to someone placed into society purely based on their income
upper upper class
-less than 1% of population
-old money, guaranteed millionaires
lower upper class
-2-4% of population
-high education, success stories
upper middle class
-20%of population
-professionals, educated, accumulate wealth, children go to university
average middle class
-20% of population
-middle to lower management jobs, high skill blue collar, some wealth, children go to local college
working class
-33% of population
- blue collar, job insecurity, little to no wealth, may own a house in a low cost neighbourhood
lower class
-20% of population
-life unstable and insecure, some depend on social assistance
scale of culture
as we go from lower class to upper class there is a scale of culture
culture of poverty–> culture of promotion–> culture of privilege
upper class sports
polo, golf, croquet, hunting
middle class sports
rugby union, racket sports, hockey, football
working class sports
rugby league, darts, soccer, running
sports are egalitarian
-opportunities to be physically active are equal and that success is dependent only on skill and achievement
-people say this is not true tho because of financial differences and people may not have time for them
sport as a meritocracy
-a mean for upward social mobility
-if one works hard, they too can achieve success and upward social mobility
-barriers- cost, access
impact of sport barriers
children from low income families often miss out on opportunities to participate in sport and physical activity due to cost
economic capital
-financial resources available to an individual
-purchase time
-hiring workers or assistants
-this allows them to spend more time in sport
-nicer sport equipment and spaces
social capital
-accumulated through social relationships
-quality and quantity of social relationships
-high social capital=networks that have positive influence on your life
-strongly connected to participation in sport activity
-spillover effect- gain belongingness
cultural capital
-knowledge, skills, norms, values that are highly rated in society
-closely tied to social capital
-2 key ideas tied to cultural capital
- healthism
- social determinism
healthism
-public perception that the fit and healthy body are morally, physically, and socially responsible
- a person chooses the right lifestyle
-places emphasis on physique and states that anyone can achieve the ideal body
social determinism
-argues ones location on the social ladder controls whether they can create a fit body and healthy lifestyle
physical capital
-the embodied form if capital
-development of bodies in ways that recognized as possessing values within social contexts
-this form of capital represents the interrelationship between economic, social, and cultural capital
bikes as a tool for development
-the bike is praised for reducing poverty and supporting youth development and education
-bikes provide people with positive attitudes, the potential to experience a sense of belonging and encouraged people to explore their city
colonialism
-establishment, exploitation and maintenance of a colony or territory by a political power from another territory
-control by one power of a dependent area
-forces langage and culture onto another area
-5 types
settler colonialism
-involves large scale immigration motivated by religious, political or economic reasons
-settlers are brought in to replace an existing indigenous population
-intend to permanently occupy and assert their sovereignty over indigenous land
-ensures the elimination of indigenous and control over them through new govt. or legal systems
residential schools
-between 1880’s and 1990’s- 139 schools
-affected 150,000 indigenous children
-tried to set new cultural conditions
-chronically underfunded, in a constant state of disrepair, lacking qualified educators
-generally large schools, situated near non-indigenous populations
-key aim was to assimilate/civilize
assimilate
-a process by which a culture is encouraged or forced to resemble or take on characteristics of a different (often dominant) culture
civilize
-to bring a person (or place) to a stage of social and cultural development considered more advanced
sport and cultural genocide
-systematic destruction of traditions, values, language and other elements that make one group distinct from another
-sport was though to help the indigenous cultivate the values and behaviours they needed to succeed
-they were assumed to naturally like the white sports better because they were “more legitimate”
-indigenous sport were only accepted sports when they had been taken up and transformed by whites
-they were constantly watched to sure the remedial effects were being administered
residential school and sport
-forsyth argued that sport and games at residential schools served 2 purposes
1. to mobilize civic support for assimilation
2. to broader agenda to civilize indigenous children
waneek horn-miller
-first First Nations woman to be on cover of times magazine
-big emphasis on how we see sport through Eurocentric view vs. First Nations view
-winning, masculinity, norms vs. honour, challenging self, skill development
-she was stabbed by a bayonet when the Canadian military invaded her communities land
-became an icon for girls- especially indigenous
race
-social construction that classifies and groups individuals based on shared phenotypic traits
-hair colour, skin colour, eye colour, genetic makeup
ethnicity
-social construction of people who share or have shared a similar history, locality, or lineage often with shared customs and cultural beliefs and practices
-geography, history, practices, experiences
myth of race
-social construction and upheld through sociocultural classifications rather than biological differences
-assumes that biological and physiological differences are directly related to mental, moral, and intellectual characteristics
-this places certain races in positions of power and authority
racialization
the process of an individual or group being ascribed a race and thus granted the characteristics perceived to be associated with that race
Jim Crow laws
-collection of statutes and laws that legalized racial segregation and discriminatory practices against black americans
-kept them in an inferior social position
-blatant segregations across a variety of social spaces
-restaurants, parks, sport places, elevators, stairs, sport programs
colourblindness
-racial ideology that posits that “the best way to end discrimination is by treating individuals as equally as possible, without regards to race, culture or ethnicity”
-acts to perpetuate racism
-problematic statements
-“ I dont see colour I just see people”
-“ we are all just people”
biological racism
-characteristics and traits are a product of a persons genetic makeup
-idea that the races are meaningfully different in their biology and create a hierarchy of value
-ex. black bodies are more inclined to athleticism
bodily racism
-percieving of certain racialized bodies as more animal like and violent compared to others
-language used to reinforce ideas related to the body
-ex. black- powerful, violent, beastly, savage vs. white- team first, athletic, classy, hardworking
cultural racism
-creating a cultural standard to impose a cultural hierarchy among racial groups
-success of non-white groups is because they “overcame deficiencies” associated with their group
spatial racism
- policies that lead to inequities within spaces and places
-“belong” in a space
-segregation
racial ideology
- a web of beliefs and ideas that people use to give meaning to specific traits such as skin colour and evaluates them in terms of how they are classified by race
-more differences within a homogenous group than a heterogenous group
racial microaggressions
- the “new face of racism”
-subtle, ambiguous , often unintentional actions, terms and behaviours that lead to segregating or discriminating people
-connects to the idea of colourblindness
-leads to believe that racism is no longer a problem for racialized people in North American context
the “savage” of savage race
-these sport races reproduce the traditional masculine notions
-historically racist term “savage” is used to sell an opportunity for people to push their physical and mental limits
-“savage” was a term used to characterize indigenous and non-white people- created by whites
-company is almost blind to the racism
the queen of basketball
-luisa harris- first woman to be drafted by mens NBA team
- only black girl on her university team
-6’3
-joined team without knowing how to play
-3 back to back national championships
-first women’s Olympic basketball team
-first woman to score a goal in olympic basketball
-won silver
-if she were a man there would have been more opportunities and money for her
dismantling dominant narratives through digital media
-muslim women often portrayed as the “other” and needing saving from their culture
-media tends to over focus on the hijab athlete
-seen as “oppressed”
-idea that they are passive and oppressed creates narratives that adhere to the orientalist pov which distorts non-western culture, implying the “other” culture is backwards or oppressed
-women want to be recognized for their skill and not as “ woman from muslim country” or “first muslim woman to do so-and-so
language and disability
-disability is a socially constructed concept
-language is also constructed
-no right or wrong way to label individuals however the use of person-first language vs. identity-first language allows you to put the person as a whole rather than identified as a disability
-prevents othering
impairment
-physical, sensory, intellectual, psychological variations
-may cause individual function limitations
-impairment neither causes nor justifies disability
disability
-results from systemic barriers when a person with impairments is excluded from full participation in society
what is normal?
-ideas of normal/abnormal have had profound impact on the way ability and disability have been constructed and understood
Adolphe quetelet
-“ social physics” law of error
-created the idea of human error and applied it to human life
-people with disabilities we random human error
Sir Francis Galton
_“philosophy of the normal”
-cousin of Darwin
-basically said that people with disabilities can be cured, fixed, or made invisible based upon Darwins theory of natural selection
eugenics
-making a society stronger by eliminating genetic traits
-resulted in genocide of people not in the norm
-euthenization of children with disabilities
-adults with disabilities sent to institutions in a dire state (we can’t see them, they dont affect us mindset)
infanticide
- intentional killing of infants or offspring
-prevented resources being spent on disabled offspring
institutionalization
-the state of being kept or being placed in an institution
medical model of disability
-defines disability as an individualized condition that impairs an individual form functioning in traditional ways
-reinforces the notion that impairments need to be cured
results in barriers that “disable” the person from functioning in society
-justifies social exclusion
-impacts social benefits, housing, education, employment
social model of disability
-3 main societal barriers
-environmental
-institutional
-altitudinal
-disability comes from without- not within
-normal human variation needs no cure
-goal is to remove barriers that lead to discrimination
-society, not individuals, must adapt
neurodiversity
-umbrella term used to include and spectrum of cognitive, developmental, and mental health conditions
-ex. autism, adhd, dyslexia
-impairments related to gross and fine motor development , hand dominance, eye movements, perception, emotions, speech
-often face similar barriers to those with mental health diagnosis
discrimination
institutional/structural—> interpersonal/personally mediated—> internalized/individual
ableism
-discrimination against individuals with disabilities on the basis of ability
inspiration porn and supercrip
- stereotype used to describe disabled athletes as having “courageously overcome” their disability to participate in sport
-explains the presence and success of athletes w/ disabilities
-influences media representation
firth twins
-canadian Olympians in cross country skiing
-first female athletes to compete for Canada at winter Olympic Games
5 types of colonialism
-settler
-exploitation
-plantation
-surrogate
-internal
