KIN 131 SL9 Flashcards
Are there nerves in the CNS
No
In the CNS what is a group of axons travelling together called
tract, pacthway, commissure
In the CNS when cell bodies of neurons that have similar function cluster together what is this called
Nuclei
What is a ganglia
In the PNS when cell bodies of neurons that have similar functions cluster together what is this called, they also connect the preganglionic neuron to the post ganglionic neuron
what does the hind brain become
Pons, medulla oblongata and the cerebellum
What connects the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum
Corpus callosum
Describe the 3 layers of brain matter from superficial to deep
1.Cerebral cortex: superficial grey matter comprised mostly of cell bodies
2.White matter: tracts of myelinated axons
3.Subcortical nuclei: grey matter that is deep to white matter
What part of the brain has the frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobe, what is its function
This is the cerebral cortex and it is responsible for complex integration of information
what does subcortical nuclei do
it is important for controlling movement, posture and complex aspects of behaviour
What system is responsible for learning, emotional experience, behaviour, visceral/endocrine function, what parts of the brain make up this system
- the limbic system
- frontal, temporal, thalmus, hypothalamus, the pathways that connect them
what does the thalmus do
integration center for the brain, controls arousal, focusing attending and filtering extraneous info
what part of the brain contains the pineal gland what does it do
- epithalamus
- responsible for control of our circadian rhythm
what is the master command center for neural endocrine coordination what is it connected to
- hypothalamus
- pituitary gland
what is the cerebellum comprised of and what is its function
- superficial grey matter
2.movement coordination, posture and balance
What part of the brain is essential for breathing, heart rate, swelling refelx, what parts of the brain make this sexciton
- brainstem
- midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, reticular formation
what does the brainstem do
it is essential for life and recipes input from the CNS and process it
where cna meninges be found, what is its function
1.between soft neural tissue and bones in the skull/spine
2. protects the CNS and circulates/ absorbs CSF
what space is filled with CSF
subarachnoid space
what cells make CSF and where
ependymal cells make CSF and can be found in the choroid plexus
what doe CSF use to circulate through the brains
ventricles
what is the blood-brain barrier and what makes it so different compared to other organs
- this is where substance exchange between the blood and extracellular fluid of the CNS
- it is highly regulated
what is the blood brian barier made of
astrocyes
what is this called “protein complexes that restrict the movement of polar molecules into the CNS”
tight junction
what can cross the blood-brain barrier, and what do substances that can not cross the blood-brain barrier use to cross it
lipid soluble solutes, substances that can’t cross rely on transport proteins
where do afferent and efferent neurons come into and out of in the spinal cord
afferent neruons dorsal side
efferent neutrons ventral side
what is the role of the PNS
transmit signals between the CNS and the effector organ
how many pairs of nerves are there in the PNS
43
what are the key aspets of the somatic nervous system, where are they found
- inervate skeletal musvles
- cell bodies found in the brainstem or ventral horn of spinal cord
- Large-diameter myelinated axons travel from the CNS to skeletal muscle without additional synapse
- excitatory only
what are the key aspects of the autonomic nervous system
- efferent innervation of tissues other than skeletal muscle
- can be excitatory or inhibitory
- there are 2 neurons in series that connect the CNS to the effector organ (1st neuron in CNS, synapse between the preganglionic and post ganglionic is in the autonomic ganglion)
What are the key aspects of the Sympathetic nervous system
- fight or flight
- typical effects are body wide
- neurons leave through the thoracic or lumbar regions
- Major NT between pre/post ganglionic is ACh
- Major NT post ganglionic is NE
what are the key aspects of parasympathetic nervous system
- rest and digest
- neurons leave the spinal cord at brainstem nd sacral region of
- Major NT released pre/post ganglionic is ACh
