kidneys, ureter, bladder & post. abdominal wall

Question 1

function and innervation of quadratus lumborum (most lateral)

Answer 1

• forced expiration & 12th rib support
• bend trunk to same side
• T12, L1-4

Question 2

function, origin, insertion, and innervation of iliacus

Answer 2

• hip flexion
• origin = iliac fossa
• insertion = lesser tronchanter
• femoral nerve

Question 3

innervation of psoas major

Answer 3

• L1-3

Question 4

what supplies and drains the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 4

5x lumbar arteries and 5x lumbar veins

Question 5

describe the surface anatomy of the kidneys

Answer 5

• sit on top of quadratus
• right kidney slightly lower than left due to liver
• left protected by rib 11 & 12
• right protected by rib 12
• ureter exists at L1

Question 6

how are the kidneys protected

Answer 6

fatty tissue within renal fascia = perinephric fat

fatty tissue outside renal fascia = para-nephric fat

Question 7

what is always the most posterior structure?

Answer 7

ureter/renal pelvis

Question 8

describe the differences between the left and right blood supply

Answer 8

• renal arteries and veins (L1-2)
• right renal artery longer than left
• left renal vein 3x longer than right
• left renal vein goes posteriorly to SMA

Question 9

describe the route of the ureters

Answer 9

1. exits kidneys at L1
2. extends down along surface of psoas
3. in line with transverse of lumbar spine
4. crosses bifurcation of common iliac artery
5. enters bladder on inferior surface of trigone

Question 10

describe the arterial supply of the ureter

Answer 10

sup 1/3 = renal artery
mid 1/3 = gonal artery & iliac
inf 1/3 = superior vesical artey

Question 11

referred pain of ureter

Answer 11

loin to groin

Question 12

name the two areas where constriction of the ureter can occur

Answer 12

• junction of ureter and renal pelvis (PUJ)

- as they enter the wall of the bladder (UVJ / VUJ)

Question 13

descsribe the cells of the bladder

Answer 13

• transitional epithelium
• rugae that can expand the size of the bladder
• muscular coat of SM = detruser muscle

Question 14

describe the trigone

Answer 14

• triangular smooth area at the base of the bladder (no rugae)
• ureters enter & urethra exists
• between the two ureter openings is the inter-ureteric crest

Question 15

describe the ANS to the bladder

Answer 15

SNS = sacral splanchnic nerves (L1-2)
PNS = pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 16

describe the 4 parts of the male urethra

Answer 16

• pre-prostatic
• prostatic (widest)
• membranous (thinnest)
• spongy

Question 17

name the two branches off the L1 lumbar plexus

Answer 17

• iliohypogastric
  -ilionguinal
  (both motor and sensory)

Question 18

Name the branch off L1 & L2 of the lumbar plexus

Answer 18

genitofemoral branch

motor and sensory

Question 19

Name the branch off L2 & L3 of the lumbar plexus

Answer 19

lateral femoral cutaneous

sensory only

Question 20

Name the branches off L2-4 of the lumbar plexus

Answer 20

femoral nerve & obturator nerve

motor and sensory