body fluid compartments

Question 1

describe the blood supply through the kidneys

Answer 1

1. renal artery
2. interlobar artery
3. arcuate artery
4. interlobular artery
5. afferent artery
6. efferent artery
7. interlobular vein
8. arcuate vein
9. interlobar vein
10. renal vein

Question 2

what happens to the efferent arteriole after it leaves the renal corpuscle

Answer 2

outer renal corpuscle = efferent artery –> interlobular vein –> arcuate vein –> interlobar vein –> renal vein
OR
deep renal corpuscle = drains into venous vasa recta

Question 3

define osmolality

Answer 3

number of osmotically active particles per unit weight of solvent
- determines the osmotic pressure exerted by a solution across a membrane

Question 4

define osmolarity

Answer 4

number of osmotically active particles per litre of total solution

Question 5

define tonicity

Answer 5

the osmotic pressure a solute exerts across a cell membrane

- accounts only for osmotically active impermeable solutes rather than osmotically active

Question 6

how do cells balance the oncotic pressure across their membranes and prevent cells from bursting?

Answer 6

pump out osmotically active ions (Na+) via Na/K/ATPase transporter
K+ and proteins inside balance Na+ outside

Question 7

what are the effects of a high sodium diet

Answer 7

• increase in plasma osmolality
• increased renal salt excretion
• increased thirst (water retained to maintain ECF osmo)
• plasma osmo returns to normal but at expense of larger ECF volume (higher BP0

Question 8

what regulates and controls osmolality

Answer 8

• regulated tightly by renal water handling

- controlled by ADH

Question 9

what regulates and controls ECF volume

Answer 9

• regulated by renal Na+ handling

- controlled by renin-angiotensin system & SNS