Kidneys, bladder, male and female pelvis

Question 1

Musculature of bladder

Answer 1

Smooth muscle walls- detrusor muscle

Goes in 3 directions to maintain structural integrity

Question 2

What are the 2 sphincters in the bladder

Answer 2

1. Internal urethra sphincter= Involuntary control
   - Male= prevent seminal regurgitation during ejaculation
2. External urethral sphincter= voluntary control

Question 3

Vasculature of bladder

Answer 3

• Internal iliac vessels
• Arterial supply= superior vesical, males assisted by inferior vesical arteries and female vaginal arteries
  venous drainage= vesical venous plexus

Question 4

What’s the function of the urethra?

Answer 4

Responsibl for transporting urine from the bladder to the external opening of the urethra

Question 5

What is the urethra lined with?

Answer 5

Stratified columnar epithelium which is protected from corrosive urine by mucous secreting glands

Question 6

Male urethra

Answer 6

Provides exit for semen

Question 7

What is the hip bone?

Answer 7

2 symmetric bones

Part of the pubic girdle- bony structure that attaches the axial skeleton to the lower limb

Question 8

Articulations Of pelvis

Answer 8

1. sacroiliac joint- Articulation with sacrum and iliac crest
2. Pubic symphysis- articulations with the corresponding hip bone
3. Hip joint- articulation with the head of the femur (socket)

Question 9

Parts of the pelvis

Answer 9

1. Ilium
2. Pubis
3. Ischium

Question 10

What is the ilium?

Answer 10

Widest and largest of the 3 parts- expands to form a wing
2 surfaces
1. inner- iliac fossa (concave)
2. External- gluteal surface (convex)- attachment of glute muscles

iliac crest= outside, thicker

Question 11

What is the pubis?

Answer 11

Body= middle of rami
Superior rami- projects laterally from body, medially
Inferior rami- projects towards ischium
obturator foramen- obturator nerve runs through

Question 12

Ischium

Answer 12

Encloses the obturator foreman
Lateral
Parts= superior, body, inferior, spinal and tuberosity
Binds Sacrospinous (ischial spine to sacrum) and sucrotuberous ligaments (sacrum to ischial tuberoscity0

Question 13

Inguinal canal

Answer 13

Short passage from abdomen cavity to external genitalia (testes)
Develops from the gonads
flanked by peritoneum

Question 14

Rings of the inguinal canal

Answer 14

Deep internal ring- found above midpoint of the inguinal ligament, invaginates to fomr covering of contents of inguinal canal
Superficial (external) ring- marks end of inguinal canal superior to pubic turbercle

Question 15

Walls of the inguinal canal

Answer 15

Posterior wall= Transverse abdominus

Anterior wall= internal and external aponeurosis

Question 16

Layers of the testes

Answer 16

External - internal

• Spermatic cord
• Epigeymis
• tunica vaginalis
• Testis

Question 17

Anatomical structure of testes

Answer 17

• vas deferens
• tail of epididymis= most distal part, next to vas deferens `
• Body of epididymis= Heavily coiled duct
• Head of epididymis= proximal, tubule to transport sperm
• Seminiferous tubules= series of tubules
• tunica albuginea= fibrous capsule that encloses the testes
• Tunica vaginalis= covering anterior surface of testes

Question 18

Vascular supply of testes

Answer 18

Testicular arteries
From abdominal aorta
Left testicle drains into left renal vein and right teste drains into inferior vena cava

Question 19

Penis

Answer 19

Root- proximal, not visible
Body- composed of erectile tissue, suspended from pubic symphysis
Glans- distal, contains opening, external urethral meatus

Question 20

Blood supply to penis

Answer 20

Internal iliac artery

Rectum= inferior mesenteric artery

Question 21

Parts of the vagina

Answer 21

Vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tube, ovaries

Question 22

Anatomical position of the vagina

Answer 22

Anterior to the vagina is the bladder and the urethra
Posterior to the vagina is the rectum and anus
Laterally to the vagina Is the ureters and uterine arteries

Question 23

Vasculature of vagina

Answer 23

Internal iliac artery

coming off that is the vaginal and uterine arteries and the ovarian arteries

Question 24

Ligaments of the uterus

Answer 24

Broad- attaching the sides of the uterus to the pelvis
Round- remnant of the gubernaculum,
Ovarian- Joins the ovaries to the uterus
Cardinal-the cardinal ligament extends from the cervix to the lateral pelvic walls
Uterosacral-Extends from the cervix to the sacrum

Question 25

Kidney

Answer 25

Bilateral bean shaped organ
Located in the posterior abdomen- T12-L3
Reddish brown colour

Question 26

Function of the kidney

Answer 26

Filter and extract water products from the blood
Responsible for electrolyte balance
Kidney- urether- bladder

Question 27

Parts of the kidney

Answer 27

Renal pyramid
Renal pelvis
Major clayx- minor calices merge to form
Minor calyx- collects urine from the renal pyramid
Ureter- urine drains into here and is stored in the bladder

Question 28

Vasculature

Answer 28

Abdominal aorta
-Left renal artery
-Right renal artery  
Inferior vena cava 
-Right renal vein 
-Left renal vein 
Drainage= right and left renal veins- empty into the inferior vena cava

Question 29

Anatomical position of the kidney

Answer 29

Left
A- spleen stomach, pancreas, left colic flexure and jejunum, Suprarenal vein
P- Diaphragm, 11/12th rib, psos major quadratus lumborum, nerves

Right
A- supraenal vein, liver, duodenum, right colic flexure
P- diaphragm, 12th rib, same muscles and nerves

Question 30

What is the difference in the arteries supplying the kidneys?

Answer 30

The right renal artery is larger due to abdominal aorta position
Enters through the hilum dividing into segment branches

Question 31

The Ureter

Answer 31

2 thick tubes which act to transport urine from the kidney to the bladder
25cm long and bilateral
Wall made of smooth muscle
Run downs lateral pelvis walls, transverse plane towards the bladder (pierce through later aspect)= oblique manner= one way valve

Question 32

Nerve supply to ureter

Answer 32

Renal artery and testicular/ overian artery= abdominal

Superior and inferior vesical artery= Pelvic