Abdominal wall and intestines Flashcards by Rosie White

Flat muscles of abdominal wall

External obliques
Internal obliques
Transverse obliques

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External obliques attachment and function

Origin= Ribs 5-12
Insertion= Iliac crest (top of bony pelvis)
Function= Contralateral rotation of torso

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Internal obliques attachment and function

Origin= Iliac crest and inguinal ligament 
Insertion= Ribs 10-12
Function= Bilateral, unilateral rotation and ipsilateral

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Tranverses abdominus attachment and function

Origin= Ingunial ligament, costal cartilages 7-12, iliac crest 
Insertion= Xiphoid process, pubic crest, conjoint tendon
Function= compression of abdomen

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Innervation of flat muscles

Thoracocabdominal nerves (T6-T11), Subcostal nerve (T12)

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Vertical muscles

Rectus abdominus (6 pack muscle)
Pyramidalis

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Splits the abdomen

Linea alba

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Rectus abdominus is insected by fibrous strips

Tendinous intersection

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Rectus abdominus attachment and function

Origin= crest of pubis (bottom of pelvis)
Inserts= xiphoid process
Function= compression
Six pack muscle

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Pyramidalis muscle attachment and function

Orgin=pubic crest

Inserts= tension of linea alba

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4 parts of the duodenum

superior, descending, inferior, ascending

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Differences between the jujenum and ileum

Jejunum

Thick wall
Longer vasa recta
less arcades
Red

Ileum

Thin
Shorter vasa recta
more arcades
pink

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Circular folds and large flaps projecting into the lumen of the small intestine

Plicae circulares

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Bulge in the small intestine at birth

Meckels diverticulum

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What innervates the duodenum and jejunum

Gastrointestinal artery- branch of coeliac trunk
Pancreaoduodenal-Branch of superior mesenteric

Jejunum
Superior mesenteric artery from aorta level 1

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4 parts of the colon

Ascending, transverse, descending, siphoid

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Small pouches of peritoneum filled with fat attached to the surface of the large intestine

appendices epiptocia

Longitudinal,3 strips of muscle

Teniae coli

Teniae coli contraction and produce sacculations

Haustrations

What supplies midgut

Superior mesenteric artery
Right and middle colic artery
Acending colon and 2/3 transverse

What supplies the hindgut

Inferior mesenteric artery
Left colic artery
1/3 transverse, descending and siphoid

Retroperitoneal

Fuses the posterior serious wall only covering the anterior surface
Oesophagus, pancreas, duodenum

Intraperitoneal

Orgain within gut completely covered/ surrounded with peritoneum= stomach, gut, ileum and jejunum, transverse colon

Functions of the abdominal wall

Forms firm and flexible wall which keeps the abdominal viscera in the abdominal cavity
protects from injury
maintains anatomical position of viscera against gravity
assists forceful expiration by pushing abdominal viscera upwards
intra-abdominal pressure

Areas of the abdomen

Top left and right- Hypochrondriac top middle- epigastric Middle left and right- lumbar middle middle- umbilical Bottom left and right- iliac Bottom middle- hypogastric

Planes of the abdomen

Mid-clavicular= middle clavicle to mid igunal point Transpyloric= L1 (xiphoid process and umbilicus) Trans- tubercular= Tubercular plane L5

Small intestine function

Assists absorption and digestion of food | Extends from the pylorus of stomach to the ileocaceal junction

Duodenum

Most proximal portion of the small intestine Runs from pylorus of stomach to deudenojujenal junction Make c shape

Duodenum divided into 4 parts

1. superior (L1) 2. descending (L1-L3) 3. inferior (L3) Crosses aorta and vena cava 4. Ascending (L3- L12)

Vasa recta

are straight arteries coming off from arcades in the mesentery of the jejunum and ileum, and heading toward the intestines

arcades

are loops of arteries

Colon (large intestine)

Distal part of GI tract | Receives food from small intestine

Ascending colon

Start off like colon- retroperitoneal which ascends from caecum meets right lobe of liver and turns 90^o right

Transverse

Crosses abdomen Right colic flexure in spleen attaches to diaphragm by phrenicolonic ligament Least fixed part= intraperitoneal

Descending colon

Retroperitoneal | moves inferiorly

Sigmoid

s shaped | attached to pelvic wall by mesentry

Drainage of colon

Descending and sigmoid- inferior mesenteric node | Ascending and transverse- superior mesenteric node

caecum

Acts as a reservoir for chime which it receives from the ileum contains lots of lymphoid tissue Found in right iliac fossa, can be palpated and enlarged due to faeces and gas

Rectum

Most distal segment of the large intestine | Continuos proximally with sigmoid colon and terminates in anal canal

Nerve supply to rectum

superior. middle and inferior rectal artery