kidneys Flashcards
nephrotic
massive protein loss + selective loss of 3.5 g or more every day
Oedema diff between kids and adults
hypoalbuminaemia
hyperlipidaemia
frothy urine
nephritic
Mild protein loss non-selective
hematuria- macro or micro - main distinguishing factor from nephrotic
hypertension
oliguria
whats the mechanism of edema in nephrtoic
low oncotic pressure
what is the main factor determining non selctive and selctive protein loss in the 2 syndromes
the time
in nephritic syndrome : the much larger molecules being filtered out start to clog the tubule downstream, and this obstruction causes a back log of pressure which lead back up to the glomeruli and makes them non functional
nephrotic:
the affected glomeruli are functioning for longer period of time
which kidney sydnrome has hypertensiosn and why
nephritic because of the reduced glomerular filtrates and rate (oligouria) due to non functional nephrons
what is the edemia in nephritic due to
increased HP
DIURESIS
normouria- 500-2000ml
oligo- 100/150-500ml
anuria- less than that
stages of acute renal failure
- main disease
- oligouria
- poly
- recovery
most characteristic sign of acute renal failure
oligouria
types of acute renal failure
pre- artheroscleorosis, stonosis, sudden drop in bP
renal
post
main charcteristic feature of acute renal
oligouria
can nephrons be recovered from damage
no you cant form new nephrons
centralization of shock
brain h
heart
kidneys
proteins in urine measurement and values
g/24 h less than 100mg is not proteinuria 100-500mg/so 0.1-0.5 mild 0.5-3.5 moderate above - severe more than 10g - MASSIVE
qualititve and quanitive indicators of proteinuria
quant- grams
qual - is it selective or non selective
which protein is involved in selctive and why?
albumin and due to its smaller size ?
how would you define acute kidney failure
decrease in GFR
VASORECTA
the extension of the efferent arteriole the remaining blood that has not been filtered so it traveles around the nephron and is involved in reabsorption and secretion
whats one of the most common causes for acute glomerulonephritisi
sle
2 main causes of a decrease in GFR
vasuclar changes
uring backflow due to an obstructure so the pressure eventually equalisies
renal syndromes
hypocalcemia electrolyte imbalance - k increase in toxic subsatnces metabolic acidosis edema hypertension
whats more dangerous nephrotic or nephritic
nephritc is more dangerous but less common
whats asterixis linked to
kindey and liver disease
visabale signs on someones skin that they they have kidney issues
uremic frost
urochrome-yellowish hint
xerosis-dry skin due to atrophy of sweat glands
pale-anemia
the role between acute renal failure and ions
hyper everythign!!!!
whats the link between nephrotic syndome and coagulation problems
these people pee out antithrombin which STOPS THROMBIN WHICH FORMS CLOTS therfore less antithrombin means more thrombin means more clots
Division of glomerular nephritis
non Proliferative no proliferation of cells found in the interstitium typical for nephrotic syndrome and proliferative cells found typical for nephritic -more severe
characteristics of chronic kidney
poluria
isothenuria (specific gravity
