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PATHOPHYS > anemia > Flashcards

anemia Flashcards

1
Q

What is the reference range of haemoglobin for males?

women :

A

140-180 g/l

120-150

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2
Q

minkovski chauffard

A

altered membrane
spectrin and anchoryn
more spherical

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3
Q

normocytic

A

sickcle cell

aplastic

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4
Q

microcytic

A

iron deficiency
chronic bleeding
pregnancy

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5
Q

fetal hb vs normal

A

fetal has a higher affinity for o2

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6
Q

link between TIBC and iron

A

low levels of iron increase tibc as body tries to compensate for lack of iron by increasing transferrin

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7
Q

addison - bermer anemia

A

or pernicious anemai a type of megoblastic anemia

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8
Q

megobalstic anmeia signs

A

hunters glossitis

demyleination of b12

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9
Q

iron deficieny anemia symptoms

A 
heart palpiatations 
brittle nails 
tired 
pale skin 
restless leg syndrome
PICA
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10
Q

POIKOLCYOTISI

A

shape (sickle cell)

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11
Q

Anisocytosis

A

different sizes

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12
Q

Howell-Jolly bodies

A

small bodies of DNA

usually occur when the spleen is not workin (aspelinism)

find them in megoblastic anemias
find them in SEVERE hemoluytic anemia - sickle cells

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13
Q

tx for heridtary

A

folic acid supplementation (mild)

blood transfusions for anemia

and if severe splenctomy before the age of 5 is curative

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14
Q

whats the genetic pattern of minkowski

A

Autoosmal dominant

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15
Q

why do kids need to take folic acid for heridery spherocytosis

A

because active hemolysis consumes folate so can lead to megaloblastic

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16
Q

which types of anemias are an exmaple of megalobalstic

A
  1. pernicious
  2. too little folate in diet
  3. hemolytic anemias !
  4. chronic alcoholics
  5. meds like mehotreaxts (which is why you have to take folic acid with it )
  6. diseases that ffect abosrption like celiac dsiease
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17
Q

what is the pronlem with bigger RBC

A

they more fragile -
change of shape

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18
Q

whats coombs test fro

A

to test wheter its autoimmune anemia or not

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19
Q

what does the coombs test entail

A

The Coombs test uses antibodies against these autoantibodies to cross link and agglutinate the red cells

20
Q

types of coombs + anemias

A

warm
cold

21
Q

what is warm AIHA

CAUSES

A

IG G
SPLEEN - extravascular
more common than cold
female predilection

Idiopathic
Lymphoproliferative neoplasms (CLL and lymphoma)
Drugs including methyldopa
SLE

22
Q

cold AIHA

CAUSES

A

IG M
INTRAVSCULAR
MORE SEVER

Idiopathic
Post-infectious haemolytic anaemias: occurring 2-3 weeks after infection (examples include EBV and mycoplasma)

23
Q

cold AIHA

CAUSES

A

IG M
INTRAVSCULAR
MORE SEVER

Idiopathic
Post-infectious haemolytic anaemias: occurring 2-3 weeks after infection (examples include EBV and mycoplasma)

24
Q

TX OF COLD

A

warm the patient

plasmapheresis

25
Q

tx of warm

A

CS

if doesnt work splenectomy

26
Q

warm diagnosis

A

will see spherocytes

27
Q

cold diagnosis

A

agglutinATION
rouleaux formation

28
Q

whats the cause of paroxsymasl…

A

it affects the hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow

the PIGA gene

certain proteins which protect (piga ptotein) rbc from attack are gone to complement comes into play

29
Q

whats important to remember about paroxysmal

A

ITS ACQUIRED AND COOMBS -

30
Q

pathophys of PNH

A

PIGA gene has mutated which is the what the compelment use to recognise cell as self

because its faulty complement now attacs rbc - hemolysis

it varies due to the amount of stem cells that have the muatation if only a little calm, if loads CRISIS

31
Q

RSK FACTOR FOR PNH

A

aplastic anemia and other bone marrow diseases

32
Q

symptoms of pnh

A

hemolytic anemai
blood clots increased risk due to so much complement activation and dodgey plt
cramps
pancotopenia

hb in pee - early in the morning as the days go on in clears up

33
Q

what kind of anemia is pnh

A

normochromic normoctic and intravscuar

34
Q

what kind of anemia is pnh

A

normochromic normoctic and intravscuar

35
Q

what’s the risk of pnh

A

it can transfomr to other disorders like leukemia, apalatic anemia( so both ways ) myelodysplasia

36
Q

key diagnois of pnh

A

flow cytometery
cd 59 +cd55

37
Q

tx for pnh

A

definiive - allogenic

eculizamab

38
Q

coombs negative examples of hemolytic anemias

A

Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia
Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
Physical lysis of red cells e.g. malaria
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (E. coli 0157:H7)
Infectious causes DIC (such as fulminant meningococcemia)

39
Q

What are the acquired causes of haemolytic anaemia?

Autoimmune
Drug induced
Microangiopathic
Infection

A

Autoimmune
Drug induced
Microangiopathic
Infection

40
Q

triggers for G6PD

A

antimalarial drugs
stress
illness
fava beans
HENNA

41
Q

which is the most common type of AIHA

A

WARM

42
Q

WHAT TYPE OF ANMEIA IS AIHA

A

NORMOCYTIC

43
Q

WHAT TYPE OF ANMEIA IS AIHA

A

NORMOCYTIC

44
Q

IN WHICH CONDITIONS DO YOU SEE SPHEROCYTES

A
  1. mikowski
  2. warm AIHA
45
Q

HOWEL JOLLY BODIES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH

A

HYposplenism

46
Q

epi of g6pdh

A

mediterranean
african

PATHOPHYS (14 decks)

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