Kidneys

Question 1

The renal arteries

Answer 1

Each kidney is connected to the aorta by the renal artery.

Transport oxygenated blood from the heart and aorta to kidneys for filtration.

Question 2

The renal veins

Answer 2

Transport the filtered, deoxygenated blood from kidneys to the posterior vena cava and finally the heart

Question 3

Renal capsule

Answer 3

Outer membrane which encloses and protects kidneys against infections and trauma

Question 4

The renal cortex

Answer 4

Outer layer of kidney that contains most of the nephrons

Question 5

The renal medulla

Answer 5

Inner layer of the kidney..Site for salt, water and urea absorption

Question 6

Nephron

Answer 6

Unit of kidney used for filtration of blood and reabsorption and secretion of materials

Question 7

Afferent arteriole

Answer 7

Transport arterial blood to glomerulus for filtration

Question 8

Efferent arteriole

Answer 8

Transports filtered blood from the glomerulus through the the peritubular capillaries and the vasa recta, and to the kidney venous system

Question 9

Glomerulus

Answer 9

The site for blood filtration

Removes both useful and non-useful materials

The product of the glomerulus is - filtrate

Question 10

Bowman’s capsule

Answer 10

A sac that encloses glomerulus

Transfers filtrate from the glomerulus to the proximal tubule

Question 11

Descending limb of the loop of henle

Answer 11

Fully permeable to water and completely impermeable to salts

Receives filtrate from the pct, allows water to be absorbed and passes salty filtrate to the next segment

“Saves water passes salt”

Question 12

Ascending limb of loop of henle

Answer 12

Impermeable to water and actively transports reabsorbed salt to the interstitial fluid of the medulla

“Saves salt and passes water”

Question 13

Collecting duct

Answer 13

The last segment to save water for the body

Question 14

The nephrons are the functional units of the kidney.

What are their functions?

Answer 14

>Filtration of blood
>Maintenance of renal blood pressure 
> formation of urea
> acid-base balance 
> regulation of electrolytes 
> reabsorption of materials
> secretion of materials
> excretion of waste

Question 15

when we digest proteins what happens to them?

Answer 15

They turn into amino acids that are used to build our own proteins

Question 16

we have more amino acids than we need where are they taken?

Answer 16

they are taken to the liver where they are stripped of a nitrogen-containing portion of the acid. This forms toxic ammonia, which is converted by the liver to a less toxic , but still poisonous, chemical called urea. which passes into the blood the into the kidneys.

Question 17

what is one of the vital functions of the kidney?

Answer 17

The removal of urea from the blood and the body.

Question 18

what do the Kidney nephrons do?

Answer 18

Help remove poisonous wastes from the blood (urea) as well as helping to control water, salts, PH and blood pressure levels.

Question 19

what are the functions of the kidney’s?

Answer 19

removal of urea

regulation of water levels

Question 20

what two parts of the nephron’s act as filters?

Answer 20

Glomerulus

Bowmans capsule

Question 21

what happens to the amino acids that are taken to the liver?

Answer 21

they are stripped of their nitrogen- containing portion of acid to form a less toxic but still poisonous chemical called urea.

Question 22

How does the blood enter the glomerulus?

Answer 22

at a high pressure, forcing the plasma out of the capillaries into the bowman’s capsule.

Question 23

what is the rapid exit of plasma called?

Answer 23

ultrafiltration- which removes waste, nutrients and water from the plasma. ( which is later reabsorbed)

Question 24

where does reabsorbtion occur?

Answer 24

reabsorbed in the proximal tubule- 95% of the water is reabsorbed along with glucose, amino aces, vitamins and most mineral salts.

Question 25

How do we loose water?

Answer 25

urine
Faeces
sweat
tears

Question 26

what increases when the body looses water?

Answer 26

the concentration of blood

Question 27

what happens when the concentration of blood increases?

Answer 27

The hypothalamus of the brain detects a rise in blood concentration and sends impulses to the pituitary gland, resulting in the realise of the hormone ADH, targeting the collecting duct in the kidneys.

Question 28

How is the medulla region of the kidneys kept salty?

Answer 28

By removing salt from the urine in the loop of henle