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CTO > Kidneys > Flashcards

Kidneys Flashcards

1
Q

Uriniferous tubule

A

Nephron + collecting tubule

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2
Q

Renal Corpuscle

A

Golmerulus + Bowman’s capsule

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3
Q

What is meant by the lobe of the kidney?

A

Consists of medullary pyramid + associated cortex and half renal columns on either side

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4
Q

If you looked at a medullary ray, what would be the dominant feature?

A

It contains collecting tubules

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5
Q

What does the cortical labyrinth consists of?

A

Renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules - not the medullary ray

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6
Q

Follow the course of blood through the kidney

A

renal artery –> segmental arteries –> interlobar arteries –> arcuate arteries –> interlobular arteries –> afferent arterioles –> glomerular capillaries –> efferent artieroles –> cortical capillary plexus –> drains into interlobular veins or vasa recta.

Both interlobular arteries and vasa recta connect to the arcuate veins – interlobar veins –> real veins

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7
Q

Where does the capillary plexus in the cortical labyrinth come from?

A

Efferent Arterioles

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8
Q

What is unusual about the embryonic development of the nephron and the collecting ducts?

A

Come from different embryonic origins and must connect during embryogenisis

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9
Q

Which tubules in the cortex are located in the center of a lobule of the kidney?

A

Collecting ducts (all uriniferous tubules drain into collect duct)

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10
Q

Where are the renal corpuscles located in the cortex?

A

85% of renal corpuscles are in the upper cortex

15% are juxtamedullary

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11
Q

What is different between the uriniferous tubules and juxtamedullary renal corpuscles?

A

?

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12
Q

What is the barrier between the blood and the urinary space in the renal corpuscle?

A

Fenestrated endothelium, basement membrane, and podocytes with slits between pedicles

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13
Q

What is the structure of the visceral and parietal layer of bowman’s capsule?

A

Visceral - podocytes

Parietal - simple squamous

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14
Q

What is the function of mesangial cells?

A

Clean deposited proteins of the basement membrane

- have myosin/actin - thought to help with blood flow

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15
Q

What is unusal about the BM of glomerulus?

A

thick and neg charged (GAG) repels proteins in blood

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16
Q

What is the progression of filtrate through the uriniferous tubules?

A

proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle (thick/thin desc. thin/thick asc limbs), distal convoluted tubule, collecting tubule, collecting duct

17
Q

What is the structure of the wall of the distal convoluted tubules?

A

simple cuboidal, no brush border

18
Q

on an H&E stain, how do you distinguish between PCT, DCT?

A

PCT - pink, mitochondria, brush border, taller

DCT - closer nuclei

19
Q

A renal lobule is defined by?

A

All of the nephrons that drain into a single collecting duct

20
Q

What is the structure of the thin limbs of henle?

A

simple squamous

21
Q

Why are the thin desc and asc limb adjacent to one another?

A

Allows countercurrent exchange of sodium to preent dilution of the sodium concentration in the renal medulla

22
Q

What is the function of the thick limb of Henle?

A

Impermeable to water, has sodium pumps to produce high conc in interstitium

23
Q

What is the structure of the collecting duct?

A

narrow to wide, simple cuboidal to columnar, and prominent later infoldings

  • principal cells (aquaporins)
  • intercalated cells (a and b - involved with H+/HCO2 secretion)
24
Q

What hormone has has the most powerful on collecting ducts?

A

ADH - allows water to be reabsorbed into the medulla of kidney and picked up by vasa recta

25
Q

Components of JG apparatus?

A

The macula dense (specilization of DCT that detects NA and fluid levels). JG cells = modified SM that secrete renin. Mesangial cells = vaccuum

26
Q

What is the pathway for urine from the medullary pyramid outward?

A

Collecting ducts open into the renal papilla –> minor calux –> major calyx – renal pelvis –> ureter -> bladder –> urethra

27
Q

What is the epithelium that lines the lower urinary tract?

A

urothelium/transitional epithelium. Changes shape. Has prominent terminal bars

28
Q

What are the layers of the ureter?

A

Thick lamina propria, no submucosa, thick muscularis (3 layers), and adventia

29
Q

What is the structure of urinary bladder?

A

It has lining of urothelium on lamina propria, no submucosa, thick smooth muscle (detrusor), adventia

30
Q

Nephron?

A

Function unit of kidney from renal corpuscle through the distal convuluted tubule
- not including the collecting tubule or duct

CTO (5 decks)

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