Kidney, ureter, bladder and urethra Flashcards
are the kidneys retroperitoneal of intraperitoneal?
retroperitoneal
which kidney is higher + where? + why?
left- T11
right- T12
liver on the right side prevents total ascent
how many cm above the midline to the kidneys sit?
5cm
structure of the kidney
outer cortex
deeper medulla surrounding the renal pelvis
renal pelvis receives urine from collecting ducts and drains into the ureter
what is present in the hilum of the kidney?
central fissure where the renal veins and arteries enter and leave
what is the renal pelvis?
structure where the collecting ducts drain which then drains into the ureters
formed of major and minor calyx that then lead to the renal pyramid
explain passage of renal arteries
right- passes behind inferior vena cava to reach the hilum
explain arterial blood supply
superior mesenteric into renal arteries
renal arteries branch as they enter the kidney into anterior and posterior branches
then into interlobar arteries, which are the end arteries supplying the kidney segments
interlobar arteries into arcuate arteries which form interlobular arteries that supply the nephrons
explain venous drainage
renal veins into inferior ven cava
right renal vein is shorter than left
what exits the renal pelvis?
ureter
ureter definition
smooth muscle walled structure that uses peristaltic movements to force urine into the bladdr
passage of the ureter
from renal pelvis, across the psoas, over the common iliac artery and vein to enter the bladder at the posterior wall
retroperitoneal
how does the ureter pass into the bladder?
obliquely
importance of oblique movement
bladder wall acts as a sphincter to prevent back filling as the bladder fills
position of kidneys
anterior
right duodenum, suprarenal gland, liver, right colic flexture
left hilum tail of pancreas, outer part by spleen, stomach, suprarenal gland, left colic flexure, jejunum
posterior
right- diaphragm, 12th rib, psoas major, quadratus lumborum, transversus abdominis, subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
same for left, just includes 11th rib
base of the bladder synonym
trigone
what forms the trigone?
entry of the ureters, thickened bar of tissue between them and the opening of the urethra
difference in trigone compared to rest of bladder
smooth part of epithelium, not transepithelium
does not change shape upon filling
what happens as the bladder fills?
moves up within the abdomen, rising above the pubic bone
structure and location of female urethra
short, opens into vestibule
anchored to the anterior vagina wall
structure and location of male urethra
below the bladder- prostatic part, surrounded by the prostate
membranous- passes through the perineal membrane
penile- in shaft of penis, surrounded by corpus spongiosum
two sets of sphincter muscles
internal involuntary
external voluntary
locations of sphincters
internal beneath bladder
external at perineal membrane
locations of sphincters
internal beneath bladder
external at levator ani
