Kidney Physiology Flashcards
Kidney roles:
What does it do primarily?
What 2 hormones does it release?
What vitamin does it convert?
Fluid balance
Excretion
Renin - BP control
Prostaglandin
Vit D
How much urine should it produce per day?
2-3 L/day
Passage of fluid through the nephron:
(1) Glomerulus:
- What arteriole does the blood enter into?
- What is the GFR?
(2) Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT):
- Why is water reabsorbed here?
- What other electrolyte measured in an ABG is reabsorbed here?
(3) Loop of Henle (LoH):
- 3 electrolytes are reabsorbed via a cotransporter. What are they?
Afferent arteriole
H2O is only reabsorbed here because it has a permeable membrane.
Sodium - passive
Glucose - active via SGLT and GLUT
HCO3-
Sodium, potassium and chloride ions (NaK2CL cotransporter)
Passage of fluid through the nephron:
(4) Macula densa:
- Where is it found?
- What apparatus does it form as the tubules pass through the afferent and efferent arterioles?
- Low sodium in the macular densa suggests low GFR. What could this mean more systemically?
- What does low GFR trigger the release of from the JG cells?
Found in the early part of the distal convoluted tubule
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JG)
Low BP - could be cause for low GFR
Renin
Passage of fluid through the nephron:
(4) Macula densa- after renin release:
- What does prostaglandins do to the afferent arterioles?
- What does angiotensin 2 do to the efferent arterioles?
(5) Distal convoluted tubule (DCT):
- What electrolyte is reabsorbed via a cotransporter in the early part?
- How are sodium and water reabsorbed in the late DCT?\
(6) Collecting duct:
- How many DCT’s converge into one collecting duct?
Afferent dilatation
Efferent constriction
Sodium - NaCL cotransporter -- Sodium - ENaC H2O - aquaporins --- 8 DCT's
https://www.grepmed.com/images/3312/action-kidney-renal-sites-hormones-nephrology-pathophysiology
https://www.grepmed.com/images/3312/action-kidney-renal-sites-hormones-nephrology-pathophysiology
