History Flashcards
What should you ask about the volume of urine? - 3
What should you ask about the flow of urine itself? - 6
What should you ask about the urine itself? - 3
Frequency
Oliguria
Polyuria
Anuria
Dysuria 6 Incontinence Urgency Dribbling Difficulty voiding Hesitancy
Haematuria
Cloudy
Smelly
Where will kidney pain localise?
Loin pain - flank regions
What may extra sodium and water from kidney disease lead to?
Peripheral oedema
Systemic symptoms - 3
Fever
Weight loss
Rash
Arthritis
PMH:
What would you ask about?
CVD and risk factors - HTN, DM, PVD Gout UTI Kidney stones Recent resp tract infection Cancer
Drugs:
Why are NSAID’s bad for the kidneys?
Why are ACE inhibitors bad for the kidneys?
Why should you be cautious with metformin?
What is a common side effect of sulfonylurea drugs, as with other diabetic meds?
Increased efferent pressure (due to efferent vasoconstriction) impedes blood flow out of the glomerulus, so GFR is maintained. When such patients are given an ACE inhibitor or ARB, the protective mechanism is blocked, and renal function can deteriorate rapidly, producing acute renal failure.
Acute renal failure is induced by reduction of intrarenal perfusion pressure associated with blocking of the angiotensin II-induced resistance at the efferent glomerular arteriole.
=====
It can cause a lactic acidosis in high risk patients
Increased risk of hypoglycaemia, as the drug is really cleared
Drugs:
Why are diuretics bad for the kidneys?
Why are antibiotics bad for the kidneys?
Why are anticholinergics bad for the kidneys?
They can lead to swelling and inflammation of the kidneys as well as dehydration and hypovolaemia if the dose is too high.
These drugs affect your kidneys in different ways. For example, some can make crystals that don’t break down and can block your urine flow. Others have substances that can damage certain kidney cells when they try to filter them out.
They can cause postrenal obstruction (blockage of the urinary tract). Obstruction can occur from the urinary tubule to the urethra, resulting in urine accumulation and ultimately increasing upstream pressure and decreasing GFR.
FH - what do you ask about?
Kidney disease
HTN
DM
