Kidney Function

Question 1

Paired, pear shaped organ located retroperitoneally on either side of the spinal column

Answer 1

Kidney

Question 2

Receive blood flow

Answer 2

Renal cortex

Question 3

Regulate concentration of urine

Answer 3

Renal medulla

Question 4

• Functional unit of each kidney
• collecting duct

Answer 4

Nephrons

Question 5

• made of coil of capillaries
• located within the bowman’s capsule and forms the beginning of renal tubule

Answer 5

Glomerulus

Question 6

Function of kidney

Answer 6

• elimination of waste product
• maintenance of electrolyte balance
• maintenance of blood volume
• maintenance of acid and base balance
• endocrine function

Question 7

Approximately 120 ml per minute

Answer 7

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Question 8

Removal of substance from plasma into urine over fixed time

Answer 8

Clearance test

Question 9

• provide an estimated of amount of plasma that must followed through the kidney glomeruli/minute
• an excellent measure of renal function
• Creatinine is freely filtered by glomeruli but not reabsorbed

Answer 9

Creatinine clearance

Question 10

Reference value of Creatinine clearance (male)

Answer 10

85-125 mL/min

Question 11

Reference value of Creatinine clearance (female)

Answer 11

75-112 mL/min

Question 12

Increase creatinine

Answer 12

• high cardiac output
• pregnancy
• burns
• carbon monoxide poisoning

Question 13

Decrease in createnine

Answer 13

• impaired kidney function
• shock and dehydration
• hemorrhage
• congestive heart failure

Question 14

• can demonstrate progression of renal disease or response to therapy
• faster the rate of urine flow, the less urea is red and vice versa

Answer 14

Urea clearance

Question 15

A protein that is produced by cells in your body

Answer 15

Cystatin C

Question 16

Spicemen of cystatin C

Answer 16

Serumor plasma (no fasting required)

Question 17

• major end product of protein (dietary and amino acid catabolism)
• first metabolite to elevate in kidney disease

Answer 17

BUN (Blood urea nitrogen)

Question 18

Approximate percent of nitrogen excreted

Answer 18

80%

Question 19

Grams of urea excreted daily in stable nitrogen balance

Answer 19

25g

Question 20

BUN reference value

Answer 20

8-23 mg/dL

Question 21

BUN createnine ratio

Answer 21

10:1-20:1

Question 22

• end product of muscle metabolism
• produced by 3 amino acids (methionine, glycine, and arginine)
• partially secreted by the proximal tubules via the organic cation transport pathway
• not easily remove by dialysis

Answer 22

Creatinine

Question 23

Creatinine reference value (male)

Answer 23

0.9-1.3 mg/dL

Question 24

Creatinine reference value (female)

Answer 24

0.5-1.1 mg/dL

Question 25

• Major product of purine catabolism
• final breakdown of nucleic acid catabolism in humans
• about 1 gram of urea excreted normally

Answer 25

Blood uric acid

Question 26

Blood uric acid reference value (male)

Answer 26

3.5-7.2 mg/dL

Question 27

Blood uric acid reference value (female)

Answer 27

2.6-6.0 mg/dL

Question 28

Purine sources

Answer 28

Seafood, shellfish

Question 29

• disease found primary in male and first diagnosis between 3rd and 5th decade of life
• pain and inflammation of joints
• highly susceptible to nephrolithiasis

Answer 29

Gout