kidney disease Flashcards
how many stages of CKD
5
stages of CKD double check google says different
- 90-120
- 60-90
3.30-90
415-30 - <15
whats a good GFR rate
> 90
def of CKD
GFR<60ml/min FOR 3 MONTHS (functional criteria)
structural crtieria-
imaging abnormalities
albumin >30mg
urine abndomrlaities (sediment)
describe the profession of the kidney disease failure
as GFR falls from 60 to 30 bUN/creatinine increases
30 to 15- anemia, calcium phosphat metabolism disturbances
less than 15- uremic signs and if the decline is irreversible, the patient will have reached ESKD.
ESRD
The term end-stage renal disease represents a stage of CKD where the accumulation of toxins, fluid, and electrolytes normally excreted by the kidneys results in the uremic syndrome.
This syndrome leads to death unless the toxins are removed by renal replacement therapy, using dialysis or kidney transplantation.
the main thing here is uremiaaa!!!1
usual pathophys basic scheme
a set of progressive mechanisms, involving hyperfiltration and hypertrophy of the remaining viable nephrons, that are a common consequence following long-term reduction of renal mass, irrespective of underlying etiology.
why is there malnutrition in CKD
failure of appetite
reduced food intake due to effect of uremia, reduced absorption of nutrients from oedematous gut, metabolic acidosis, increased protein loss during dialysis especially peritoneal dialysis,
MAIN SYMPTOMS IN CKS
All organ systems are affected, but the most evident complications include
anemia
Malnutrition
Abnormalities in
calcium, phosphorus, and mineral-regulating hormones;
sodium, potassium and water balance
acid-base homeostasis.
NORMAL grr rate
120
GFR at 70 years old
around 70
Many patients, especially the elderly, will have eGFR values compatible with stage 2 or 3 CKD.
The majority of these patients will show no further deterioration of renal function and if it is stable and not associated with proteinuria, uncontrolled hypertension or hematuria only periodic control of eGFR is needed.
However, if there is evidence of progressive decline of GFR, uncontrolled hypertension, hematuria or proteinuria, prompt referral to a nephrologist is appropriate.
most common cause of CKD
The most frequent cause of CKD in North America and Europe is diabetic nephropathy, most often secondary to type 2 diabetes mellitus
UREMIN SYNDOME
creatine not involved,
Hundreds of toxins that accumulate in renal failure have been implicated in the uremic syndrome. These include urea as well as water-soluble, hydrophobic, protein-bound, charged, and uncharged compounds. Additional categories of nitrogenous excretory products include guanidino compounds, urates and hippurates, products of nucleic acid metabolism, polyamines, myoinositol, phenols, benzoates, and indoles.
