Kidney And Bladder Flashcards
At what vertebral level are the kidneys typically located? Are they retroperitoneal?
T12-L3, right usually slightly lower than left
Yes
What is the arterial supply of the kidneys?
Left and right renal arteries from abdominal aorta
What is the venous drainage of the kidneys?
Left and right renal veins into IVC
What is the lymphatic drainage of the kidneys?
Lateral aortic nodes
What are the names of the arteries as they divide into smaller branches?
Renal artery Segmental Interlobar Arcurate Interlobular Afferent arterioles Glomerulus Efferent arterioles
What are the name of the ducts from smallest to largest that drain the kidney?
Collecting ducts, papillary ducts, minor calyces, major calyces, renal pelvis
What are the names of the layers surrounding the kidneys from deep to superficial?
Renal capsule
Perirenal fat
Renal fascia
Pararenal fat
What percentage of reabsorption occurs in the PCT?
70%
What type of cells line the PCT?
Cuboidal
What is the average volume capacity of the urinary bladder?
700ml-800ml
What is the epithelium present in the bladder?
Transitional
What are the 3 layers of the bladder wall?
Mucosa
Intermediate muscularis (detrussor)
Adventitia (serosa over superior surface)
What are the three layers of the detrussor muscle?
Inner longitudinal
Middle circular
Outer longitudinal
From what main branch does the bladder receive its blood supply?
Internal iliac vessels
What vein does the bladder drain into?
Internal iliac/hypogastric vein
What is the autonomic nervous supply of the bladder?
Sympathetic- hypogastric nerve (T12-L2) causes detrussor muscle relaxation
Parasympathetic- pelvic nerve (S2-S4) causes detrussor contraction
What is the somatic nervous supply of the bladder?
Pudendal nerve- (S2-S4) controls external urethral sphincter (onuf’s nucleus I think??)
What type of receptors are found in the bladder wall and what neurotransmitters and nerves do they respond to?
M3- ACh- pelvic nerve
B3- NorA- hypogastric nerve
What kind of receptor is found on the internal urethral sphincter and what neurotransmitter and nerve does it respond to?
Alpha 1- NorA - hypogastric
What type of receptor is found on the external urethral sphincter and what does it respond to?
Nicotinic- Ach - pudendal nerve
What ligaments anchor the bladder in place?
Median umbilical ligament and lateral umbilical ligaments.
What lymph nodes does the bladder drain to?
Vesical, external iliac and common iliac nodes.
