Kidney And Bladder

Question 1

At what vertebral level are the kidneys typically located? Are they retroperitoneal?

Answer 1

T12-L3, right usually slightly lower than left

Yes

Question 2

What is the arterial supply of the kidneys?

Answer 2

Left and right renal arteries from abdominal aorta

Question 3

What is the venous drainage of the kidneys?

Answer 3

Left and right renal veins into IVC

Question 4

What is the lymphatic drainage of the kidneys?

Answer 4

Lateral aortic nodes

Question 5

What are the names of the arteries as they divide into smaller branches?

Answer 5

Renal artery 
Segmental 
Interlobar 
Arcurate 
Interlobular 
Afferent arterioles 
Glomerulus 
Efferent arterioles

Question 6

What are the name of the ducts from smallest to largest that drain the kidney?

Answer 6

Collecting ducts, papillary ducts, minor calyces, major calyces, renal pelvis

Question 7

What are the names of the layers surrounding the kidneys from deep to superficial?

Answer 7

Renal capsule
Perirenal fat
Renal fascia
Pararenal fat

Question 8

What percentage of reabsorption occurs in the PCT?

Answer 8

70%

Question 9

What type of cells line the PCT?

Answer 9

Cuboidal

Question 10

What is the average volume capacity of the urinary bladder?

Answer 10

700ml-800ml

Question 11

What is the epithelium present in the bladder?

Answer 11

Transitional

Question 12

What are the 3 layers of the bladder wall?

Answer 12

Mucosa
Intermediate muscularis (detrussor)
Adventitia (serosa over superior surface)

Question 13

What are the three layers of the detrussor muscle?

Answer 13

Inner longitudinal
Middle circular
Outer longitudinal

Question 14

From what main branch does the bladder receive its blood supply?

Answer 14

Internal iliac vessels

Question 15

What vein does the bladder drain into?

Answer 15

Internal iliac/hypogastric vein

Question 16

What is the autonomic nervous supply of the bladder?

Answer 16

Sympathetic- hypogastric nerve (T12-L2) causes detrussor muscle relaxation
Parasympathetic- pelvic nerve (S2-S4) causes detrussor contraction

Question 17

What is the somatic nervous supply of the bladder?

Answer 17

Pudendal nerve- (S2-S4) controls external urethral sphincter (onuf’s nucleus I think??)

Question 18

What type of receptors are found in the bladder wall and what neurotransmitters and nerves do they respond to?

Answer 18

M3- ACh- pelvic nerve

B3- NorA- hypogastric nerve

Question 19

What kind of receptor is found on the internal urethral sphincter and what neurotransmitter and nerve does it respond to?

Answer 19

Alpha 1- NorA - hypogastric

Question 20

What type of receptor is found on the external urethral sphincter and what does it respond to?

Answer 20

Nicotinic- Ach - pudendal nerve

Question 21

What ligaments anchor the bladder in place?

Answer 21

Median umbilical ligament and lateral umbilical ligaments.

Question 22

What lymph nodes does the bladder drain to?

Answer 22

Vesical, external iliac and common iliac nodes.