GI Anatomy COPY COPY Flashcards
What is the main function of the greater omentum?
Combat infections of the GI tract
Where is the gall bladder located anatomically?
Where rectus abdominus muscle meets the costal margin on the right.
What is the greater omentum?
An apron like fold of peritoneum hanging from the greater curvature.
Which part of the large intestine is attached to the greater omentum?
The transverse Colon.
What is the blood supply to the stomach?
Left and right gastric arteries, short gastric arteries, left and right gastroepiploic arteries.
From what source to the arteries supplying the stomach come from?
The coeliac trunk
What is the main function of the lesser omentum?
Attached the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver.
What is the location of the infracolic compartment?
Posterior to the greater omentum, inferior to the transverse colon.
What is the venous drainage of the stomach?
Left and right gastric veins which drain into the hepatic portal vein. Short gastric vein and left and right gastric-epiploic veins drain into the superior mesenteric vein.
What is the parasympathetic supply of the stomach?
Posterior vagal trunks derived from the vagus nerve.
What is the sympathetic supply of the stomach?
T6 to T9 spinal cord segments passing to the coeliac plexus
What abdominal region is the liver located in?
Right hypochondrium and epigastric, extending to the left hypochondrium
What is the anatomical location of the inferior border of the liver?
The costal margin
What is the blood supply to the liver?
Hepatic artery proper
Hepatic portal vein
What is the venous drainage of the liver?
Hepatic veins which drain into the IVC
What is the nerve supply of the liver?
Parenchyma- hepatic plexus, sympathetic from the coeliac plexus and parasympathetic from the vagus nerve.
Fibrous covering- lower intercostal nerves
What is the blood supply of the duodenum?
1st and 2nd part- gastroduodenal artery and it’s branch the superior pancreatico-duodenal artery
3rd and 4th part- superior mesenteric artery and its branch the inferior pancreatico-duodenal artery
What is the drainage of the duodenum?
Drains into the portal system via the splenic vein or superior mesenteric vein
In what part of the pancreas are malignancies most common?
The head
What vein drains the midgut?
Superior mesenteric vein
Where in relation to the greater omentum are the intestines located?
Posterior to it
What is the order of parts of the large intestine?
Caecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal
Which parts of the large intestine are retroperitoneal?
Ascending and descending colon
What are the paracolic gutters?
Recesses on either side of the ascending and descending colon
What is the arterial supply of the jejunoileum?
Superior mesenteric artery. It forms approximately 20 branches which anastomose to form loops called arcades. From the arcades long and straight arteries arise called vasa recta.
What is the venous drainage of the jejunoileum?
Superior mesenteric vein
What is the blood supply of the thoracic oesophagus?
Branches from the thoracic aorta and inferior thyroid artery
What is venous drainage of the thoracic oesophagus?
Branches of the azygous veins and inferior thyroid vein.
What is the arterial supply of the abdominal oesophagus?
Left gastric artery and left inferior phrenic artery
What is the venous drainage of the abdominal oesophagus?
To the portal circulation via left gastric vein
To the systemic circulation via azygous vein
What parts of the colon are derived from the midgut?
Ascending colon and proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
What is the blood supply of the transverse colon?
Superior mesenteric artery and its branches the superior and middle colic arteries
Inferior mesenteric artery and its branch, the left colic artery.
What is the blood supply of the ascending colon?
Ileocolic and right colic arteries from the superior mesenteric arteries.
What is the blood supply of the descending colon?
Left colic artery from the inferior mesenteric artery
What is the blood supply from the sigmoid colon?
Sigmoid arteries from inferior mesenteric artery.
What is the venous drainage of the ascending colon?
Ileocolic and right colic veins which drain into superior mesenteric veins
What is the drainage of the descending colon?
Left colic vein to inferior mesenteric vein
What is the drainage of the transverse colon?
Superior mesenteric vein
What is the drainage of the sigmoid colon?
Sigmoid veins into inferior mesenteric veins
What is the blood supply of the pancreas?
Pancreatic branches of the splenic artery
The head additionally by the superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries, branches of the gastroduodenal and superior mesenteric arteries respectively
What is the venous drainage of the pancreas?
Head- superior mesenteric branches of hepatic portal vein
Rest- splenic vein
What is the lymphatic drainage of the pancreas?
Pancreaticosplenal nodes and pyloric nodes which then drain into superior mesenteric and coeliac lymph nodes
What is the abdominal location of the pancreas? Is it retroperitoneal?
Epigastrium and left hypochondrium
Yes
What is the lymphatic drainage of the stomach?
Gastric and gastro-omental nodes, these are connected to the coeliac lymph nodes
What is the abdominal location of the gallbladder? Is it retroperitoneal?
Right hypochondriac
No, peritoneal
What is the blood supply of the gallbladder?
Cystic artery from hepatic artery proper
What is the venous drainage of the gallbladder?
Cystic vein which drains into the portal vein
What is the nervous supply of the gallbladder?
Coeliac plexus- sympathetic
Vagus nerve- parasympathetic
What is the lymphatic drainage of the gallbladder?
Cystic node to hepatic lymph node to coeliac node
What is the lymphatic drainage of the liver?
Hepatic lymph nodes
What is the lymphatic drainage of the duodenum?
Drains into the pancreatoduodenal and superior mesenteric nodes
What is the lymphatic drainage of the jejunoileum?
Superior mesenteric nodes
What is the blood supply of the caecum?
Ileocolic artery
What is the venous drainage of the caecum?
Ileocolic vein
What is the lymphatic drainage of the caecum?
Ileocolic nodes
What is the lymphatic drainage of the colon?
Ascending and transverse - superior mesenteric nodes
Descending and sigmoid- inferior mesenteric nodes
What is the blood supply of the rectum?
Superior, middle and inferior rectal arteries from the inferior mesenteric, internal iliac and internal pudendal arteries respectively
What is the venous drainage of the rectum?
Superior rectal vein into the portal venous system and the middle and inferior rectal veins into the systemic venous system
What is the nervous supply of the rectum?
Sympathetic innervation - lumbar splanchnic nerves and superior and inferior hypogastric plexuses
Parasympathetic - S2-S4 via pelvic splanchnic nerves and inferior hypogastric plexuses
What is the lymphatic drainage of the rectum?
Pararectal lymph nodes into inferior mesenteric nodes
Internal iliac nodes
What is the arterial supply of the anal canal above the pectinate line?
Superior rectal artery from the inferior mesenteric artery
Anastomosing branches from the middle rectal artery
What is the blood supply of the anal canal below the pectinate line?
Inferior rectal artery from the internal pudendal artery
Anastomosing branches from the middle rectal artery
What is the venous drainage of the anal canal above the pectinate line?
Superior rectal vein which drains into the inferior mesenteric vein
What is the venous drainage of the anal canal?
Inferior recital vein which drains into the internal pudendal vein.
What is the lymphatic drainage of the anal canal above the pectinate line?
Internal iliac nodes
What is the lymphatic drainage of the anal canal below the pectinate line?
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
What is the nerve supply of the internal anal sphincter?
Sympathetic fibres from the superior rectal and hypogastric plexuses - involuntary
What is the nervous supply of the external anal sphincter?
Somatic innervation via the inferior anal nerves (branches on the pudendal nerves) - voluntary control
