GI Anatomy COPY COPY

Question 1

What is the main function of the greater omentum?

Answer 1

Combat infections of the GI tract

Question 2

Where is the gall bladder located anatomically?

Answer 2

Where rectus abdominus muscle meets the costal margin on the right.

Question 3

What is the greater omentum?

Answer 3

An apron like fold of peritoneum hanging from the greater curvature.

Question 4

Which part of the large intestine is attached to the greater omentum?

Answer 4

The transverse Colon.

Question 5

What is the blood supply to the stomach?

Answer 5

Left and right gastric arteries, short gastric arteries, left and right gastroepiploic arteries.

Question 6

From what source to the arteries supplying the stomach come from?

Answer 6

The coeliac trunk

Question 7

What is the main function of the lesser omentum?

Answer 7

Attached the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver.

Question 8

What is the location of the infracolic compartment?

Answer 8

Posterior to the greater omentum, inferior to the transverse colon.

Question 9

What is the venous drainage of the stomach?

Answer 9

Left and right gastric veins which drain into the hepatic portal vein. Short gastric vein and left and right gastric-epiploic veins drain into the superior mesenteric vein.

Question 10

What is the parasympathetic supply of the stomach?

Answer 10

Posterior vagal trunks derived from the vagus nerve.

Question 11

What is the sympathetic supply of the stomach?

Answer 11

T6 to T9 spinal cord segments passing to the coeliac plexus

Question 12

What abdominal region is the liver located in?

Answer 12

Right hypochondrium and epigastric, extending to the left hypochondrium

Question 13

What is the anatomical location of the inferior border of the liver?

Answer 13

The costal margin

Question 14

What is the blood supply to the liver?

Answer 14

Hepatic artery proper

Hepatic portal vein

Question 15

What is the venous drainage of the liver?

Answer 15

Hepatic veins which drain into the IVC

Question 16

What is the nerve supply of the liver?

Answer 16

Parenchyma- hepatic plexus, sympathetic from the coeliac plexus and parasympathetic from the vagus nerve.

Fibrous covering- lower intercostal nerves

Question 17

What is the blood supply of the duodenum?

Answer 17

1st and 2nd part- gastroduodenal artery and it’s branch the superior pancreatico-duodenal artery

3rd and 4th part- superior mesenteric artery and its branch the inferior pancreatico-duodenal artery

Question 18

What is the drainage of the duodenum?

Answer 18

Drains into the portal system via the splenic vein or superior mesenteric vein

Question 19

In what part of the pancreas are malignancies most common?

Answer 19

The head

Question 20

What vein drains the midgut?

Answer 20

Superior mesenteric vein

Question 21

Where in relation to the greater omentum are the intestines located?

Answer 21

Posterior to it

Question 22

What is the order of parts of the large intestine?

Answer 22

Caecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal

Question 23

Which parts of the large intestine are retroperitoneal?

Answer 23

Ascending and descending colon

Question 24

What are the paracolic gutters?

Answer 24

Recesses on either side of the ascending and descending colon

Question 25

What is the arterial supply of the jejunoileum?

Answer 25

Superior mesenteric artery. It forms approximately 20 branches which anastomose to form loops called arcades. From the arcades long and straight arteries arise called vasa recta.

Question 26

What is the venous drainage of the jejunoileum?

Answer 26

Superior mesenteric vein

Question 27

What is the blood supply of the thoracic oesophagus?

Answer 27

Branches from the thoracic aorta and inferior thyroid artery

Question 28

What is venous drainage of the thoracic oesophagus?

Answer 28

Branches of the azygous veins and inferior thyroid vein.

Question 29

What is the arterial supply of the abdominal oesophagus?

Answer 29

Left gastric artery and left inferior phrenic artery

Question 30

What is the venous drainage of the abdominal oesophagus?

Answer 30

To the portal circulation via left gastric vein | To the systemic circulation via azygous vein

Question 31

What parts of the colon are derived from the midgut?

Answer 31

Ascending colon and proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

Question 32

What is the blood supply of the transverse colon?

Answer 32

Superior mesenteric artery and its branches the superior and middle colic arteries Inferior mesenteric artery and its branch, the left colic artery.

Question 33

What is the blood supply of the ascending colon?

Answer 33

Ileocolic and right colic arteries from the superior mesenteric arteries.

Question 34

What is the blood supply of the descending colon?

Answer 34

Left colic artery from the inferior mesenteric artery

Question 35

What is the blood supply from the sigmoid colon?

Answer 35

Sigmoid arteries from inferior mesenteric artery.

Question 36

What is the venous drainage of the ascending colon?

Answer 36

Ileocolic and right colic veins which drain into superior mesenteric veins

Question 37

What is the drainage of the descending colon?

Answer 37

Left colic vein to inferior mesenteric vein

Question 38

What is the drainage of the transverse colon?

Answer 38

Superior mesenteric vein

Question 39

What is the drainage of the sigmoid colon?

Answer 39

Sigmoid veins into inferior mesenteric veins

Question 40

What is the blood supply of the pancreas?

Answer 40

Pancreatic branches of the splenic artery The head additionally by the superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries, branches of the gastroduodenal and superior mesenteric arteries respectively

Question 41

What is the venous drainage of the pancreas?

Answer 41

Head- superior mesenteric branches of hepatic portal vein | Rest- splenic vein

Question 42

What is the lymphatic drainage of the pancreas?

Answer 42

Pancreaticosplenal nodes and pyloric nodes which then drain into superior mesenteric and coeliac lymph nodes

Question 43

What is the abdominal location of the pancreas? Is it retroperitoneal?

Answer 43

Epigastrium and left hypochondrium | Yes

Question 44

What is the lymphatic drainage of the stomach?

Answer 44

Gastric and gastro-omental nodes, these are connected to the coeliac lymph nodes

Question 45

What is the abdominal location of the gallbladder? Is it retroperitoneal?

Answer 45

Right hypochondriac | No, peritoneal

Question 46

What is the blood supply of the gallbladder?

Answer 46

Cystic artery from hepatic artery proper

Question 47

What is the venous drainage of the gallbladder?

Answer 47

Cystic vein which drains into the portal vein

Question 48

What is the nervous supply of the gallbladder?

Answer 48

Coeliac plexus- sympathetic | Vagus nerve- parasympathetic

Question 49

What is the lymphatic drainage of the gallbladder?

Answer 49

Cystic node to hepatic lymph node to coeliac node

Question 50

What is the lymphatic drainage of the liver?

Answer 50

Hepatic lymph nodes

Question 51

What is the lymphatic drainage of the duodenum?

Answer 51

Drains into the pancreatoduodenal and superior mesenteric nodes

Question 52

What is the lymphatic drainage of the jejunoileum?

Answer 52

Superior mesenteric nodes

Question 53

What is the blood supply of the caecum?

Answer 53

Ileocolic artery

Question 54

What is the venous drainage of the caecum?

Answer 54

Ileocolic vein

Question 55

What is the lymphatic drainage of the caecum?

Answer 55

Ileocolic nodes

Question 56

What is the lymphatic drainage of the colon?

Answer 56

Ascending and transverse - superior mesenteric nodes Descending and sigmoid- inferior mesenteric nodes

Question 57

What is the blood supply of the rectum?

Answer 57

Superior, middle and inferior rectal arteries from the inferior mesenteric, internal iliac and internal pudendal arteries respectively

Question 58

What is the venous drainage of the rectum?

Answer 58

Superior rectal vein into the portal venous system and the middle and inferior rectal veins into the systemic venous system

Question 59

What is the nervous supply of the rectum?

Answer 59

Sympathetic innervation - lumbar splanchnic nerves and superior and inferior hypogastric plexuses Parasympathetic - S2-S4 via pelvic splanchnic nerves and inferior hypogastric plexuses

Question 60

What is the lymphatic drainage of the rectum?

Answer 60

Pararectal lymph nodes into inferior mesenteric nodes | Internal iliac nodes

Question 61

What is the arterial supply of the anal canal above the pectinate line?

Answer 61

Superior rectal artery from the inferior mesenteric artery | Anastomosing branches from the middle rectal artery

Question 62

What is the blood supply of the anal canal below the pectinate line?

Answer 62

Inferior rectal artery from the internal pudendal artery | Anastomosing branches from the middle rectal artery

Question 63

What is the venous drainage of the anal canal above the pectinate line?

Answer 63

Superior rectal vein which drains into the inferior mesenteric vein

Question 64

What is the venous drainage of the anal canal?

Answer 64

Inferior recital vein which drains into the internal pudendal vein.

Question 65

What is the lymphatic drainage of the anal canal above the pectinate line?

Answer 65

Internal iliac nodes

Question 66

What is the lymphatic drainage of the anal canal below the pectinate line?

Answer 66

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Question 67

What is the nerve supply of the internal anal sphincter?

Answer 67

Sympathetic fibres from the superior rectal and hypogastric plexuses - involuntary

Question 68

What is the nervous supply of the external anal sphincter?

Answer 68

Somatic innervation via the inferior anal nerves (branches on the pudendal nerves) - voluntary control