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Year 2 Revision > GI Anatomy COPY COPY > Flashcards

GI Anatomy COPY COPY Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of the greater omentum?

A

Combat infections of the GI tract

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2
Q

Where is the gall bladder located anatomically?

A

Where rectus abdominus muscle meets the costal margin on the right.

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3
Q

What is the greater omentum?

A

An apron like fold of peritoneum hanging from the greater curvature.

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4
Q

Which part of the large intestine is attached to the greater omentum?

A

The transverse Colon.

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5
Q

What is the blood supply to the stomach?

A

Left and right gastric arteries, short gastric arteries, left and right gastroepiploic arteries.

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6
Q

From what source to the arteries supplying the stomach come from?

A

The coeliac trunk

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7
Q

What is the main function of the lesser omentum?

A

Attached the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver.

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8
Q

What is the location of the infracolic compartment?

A

Posterior to the greater omentum, inferior to the transverse colon.

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9
Q

What is the venous drainage of the stomach?

A

Left and right gastric veins which drain into the hepatic portal vein. Short gastric vein and left and right gastric-epiploic veins drain into the superior mesenteric vein.

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10
Q

What is the parasympathetic supply of the stomach?

A

Posterior vagal trunks derived from the vagus nerve.

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11
Q

What is the sympathetic supply of the stomach?

A

T6 to T9 spinal cord segments passing to the coeliac plexus

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12
Q

What abdominal region is the liver located in?

A

Right hypochondrium and epigastric, extending to the left hypochondrium

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13
Q

What is the anatomical location of the inferior border of the liver?

A

The costal margin

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14
Q

What is the blood supply to the liver?

A

Hepatic artery proper

Hepatic portal vein

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15
Q

What is the venous drainage of the liver?

A

Hepatic veins which drain into the IVC

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16
Q

What is the nerve supply of the liver?

A

Parenchyma- hepatic plexus, sympathetic from the coeliac plexus and parasympathetic from the vagus nerve.

Fibrous covering- lower intercostal nerves

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17
Q

What is the blood supply of the duodenum?

A

1st and 2nd part- gastroduodenal artery and it’s branch the superior pancreatico-duodenal artery

3rd and 4th part- superior mesenteric artery and its branch the inferior pancreatico-duodenal artery

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18
Q

What is the drainage of the duodenum?

A

Drains into the portal system via the splenic vein or superior mesenteric vein

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19
Q

In what part of the pancreas are malignancies most common?

A

The head

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20
Q

What vein drains the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric vein

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21
Q

Where in relation to the greater omentum are the intestines located?

A

Posterior to it

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22
Q

What is the order of parts of the large intestine?

A

Caecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal

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23
Q

Which parts of the large intestine are retroperitoneal?

A

Ascending and descending colon

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24
Q

What are the paracolic gutters?

A

Recesses on either side of the ascending and descending colon

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25
Q

What is the arterial supply of the jejunoileum?

A

Superior mesenteric artery. It forms approximately 20 branches which anastomose to form loops called arcades. From the arcades long and straight arteries arise called vasa recta.

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26
Q

What is the venous drainage of the jejunoileum?

A

Superior mesenteric vein

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27
Q

What is the blood supply of the thoracic oesophagus?

A

Branches from the thoracic aorta and inferior thyroid artery

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28
Q

What is venous drainage of the thoracic oesophagus?

A

Branches of the azygous veins and inferior thyroid vein.

29
Q

What is the arterial supply of the abdominal oesophagus?

A

Left gastric artery and left inferior phrenic artery

30
Q

What is the venous drainage of the abdominal oesophagus?

A

To the portal circulation via left gastric vein

To the systemic circulation via azygous vein

31
Q

What parts of the colon are derived from the midgut?

A

Ascending colon and proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

32
Q

What is the blood supply of the transverse colon?

A

Superior mesenteric artery and its branches the superior and middle colic arteries
Inferior mesenteric artery and its branch, the left colic artery.

33
Q

What is the blood supply of the ascending colon?

A

Ileocolic and right colic arteries from the superior mesenteric arteries.

34
Q

What is the blood supply of the descending colon?

A

Left colic artery from the inferior mesenteric artery

35
Q

What is the blood supply from the sigmoid colon?

A

Sigmoid arteries from inferior mesenteric artery.

36
Q

What is the venous drainage of the ascending colon?

A

Ileocolic and right colic veins which drain into superior mesenteric veins

37
Q

What is the drainage of the descending colon?

A

Left colic vein to inferior mesenteric vein

38
Q

What is the drainage of the transverse colon?

A

Superior mesenteric vein

39
Q

What is the drainage of the sigmoid colon?

A

Sigmoid veins into inferior mesenteric veins

40
Q

What is the blood supply of the pancreas?

A

Pancreatic branches of the splenic artery
The head additionally by the superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries, branches of the gastroduodenal and superior mesenteric arteries respectively

41
Q

What is the venous drainage of the pancreas?

A

Head- superior mesenteric branches of hepatic portal vein

Rest- splenic vein

42
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the pancreas?

A

Pancreaticosplenal nodes and pyloric nodes which then drain into superior mesenteric and coeliac lymph nodes

43
Q

What is the abdominal location of the pancreas? Is it retroperitoneal?

A

Epigastrium and left hypochondrium

Yes

44
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the stomach?

A

Gastric and gastro-omental nodes, these are connected to the coeliac lymph nodes

45
Q

What is the abdominal location of the gallbladder? Is it retroperitoneal?

A

Right hypochondriac

No, peritoneal

46
Q

What is the blood supply of the gallbladder?

A

Cystic artery from hepatic artery proper

47
Q

What is the venous drainage of the gallbladder?

A

Cystic vein which drains into the portal vein

48
Q

What is the nervous supply of the gallbladder?

A

Coeliac plexus- sympathetic

Vagus nerve- parasympathetic

49
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the gallbladder?

A

Cystic node to hepatic lymph node to coeliac node

50
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the liver?

A

Hepatic lymph nodes

51
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the duodenum?

A

Drains into the pancreatoduodenal and superior mesenteric nodes

52
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the jejunoileum?

A

Superior mesenteric nodes

53
Q

What is the blood supply of the caecum?

A

Ileocolic artery

54
Q

What is the venous drainage of the caecum?

A

Ileocolic vein

55
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the caecum?

A

Ileocolic nodes

56
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the colon?

A

Ascending and transverse - superior mesenteric nodes

Descending and sigmoid- inferior mesenteric nodes

57
Q

What is the blood supply of the rectum?

A

Superior, middle and inferior rectal arteries from the inferior mesenteric, internal iliac and internal pudendal arteries respectively

58
Q

What is the venous drainage of the rectum?

A

Superior rectal vein into the portal venous system and the middle and inferior rectal veins into the systemic venous system

59
Q

What is the nervous supply of the rectum?

A

Sympathetic innervation - lumbar splanchnic nerves and superior and inferior hypogastric plexuses

Parasympathetic - S2-S4 via pelvic splanchnic nerves and inferior hypogastric plexuses

60
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the rectum?

A

Pararectal lymph nodes into inferior mesenteric nodes

Internal iliac nodes

61
Q

What is the arterial supply of the anal canal above the pectinate line?

A

Superior rectal artery from the inferior mesenteric artery

Anastomosing branches from the middle rectal artery

62
Q

What is the blood supply of the anal canal below the pectinate line?

A

Inferior rectal artery from the internal pudendal artery

Anastomosing branches from the middle rectal artery

63
Q

What is the venous drainage of the anal canal above the pectinate line?

A

Superior rectal vein which drains into the inferior mesenteric vein

64
Q

What is the venous drainage of the anal canal?

A

Inferior recital vein which drains into the internal pudendal vein.

65
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the anal canal above the pectinate line?

A

Internal iliac nodes

66
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the anal canal below the pectinate line?

A

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

67
Q

What is the nerve supply of the internal anal sphincter?

A

Sympathetic fibres from the superior rectal and hypogastric plexuses - involuntary

68
Q

What is the nervous supply of the external anal sphincter?

A

Somatic innervation via the inferior anal nerves (branches on the pudendal nerves) - voluntary control

Year 2 Revision (15 decks)

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