kidney and bladder

Question 1

kidney fluid and electrolyte homeostasis

Answer 1

regulated through thirst mechanisms and renal function via circulating antidiruretic hormone (ADH)- produced in teh hypothalamus and stored in the perterior pituitary gland

Question 2

glomerular filtration rate

Answer 2

amount of filtrate that is formed each minute as blood moves through glomeruli.

Question 3

normal level of potassium

Answer 3

3.5-5.5

Question 4

hypokalemia

Answer 4

low potassium- diarrhea, vomiting, metabolic acidosis or alkalosis

Question 5

hyperkalemia

Answer 5

high potassium, inadequate secretion with renal failure,

Question 6

normal sodium levels

Answer 6

135-146

Question 7

hyponatremia

Answer 7

low sodium; water intoxication

Question 8

hypernatremia

Answer 8

high sodium; water deficits

Question 9

normal calcium levels

Answer 9

8.4-10.4

Question 10

hypocalcemia

Answer 10

reduced albumin levels

Question 11

hypercalcemia

Answer 11

hypothyrodism

Question 12

magnesium levels

Answer 12

1.8-2.4

Question 13

normal blood pH

Answer 13

7.35-7.47

Question 14

UTI

Answer 14

infection in urinary system
LUTI- urethra or bladder (most common)
UUTI- kidney

Question 15

PT implications for uti

Answer 15

unable to fully participate until UTI controlled
refer to PCP if symptoms are bad
risk of other infections
catheter precations: free of kinking, foley catheter bag below bladder, do not keep bag on floor

Question 16

pyelonephritis

Answer 16

upper UTI; bacteria from bladder to kidney, atonic bladder: increase uring and increase bacteria

Question 17

urinary incontinence

Answer 17

lack of voluntary control over urination

Question 18

renal cystic disease

Answer 18

cysts- degeneration of renal tissue; obstruction of tubular flow

Question 19

polykidney disease

Answer 19

renal cystic disease; cysts form on epithelial lining- detaches from nephron– fibrosis

Question 20

renal calculi; nephrolithiasis

Answer 20

stones develop in kidney

Question 21

renal failure

Answer 21

acute: sudden loss of kidney function
chronic: progressive loss of kidney function

Question 22

stage 4 and 5 of renal failure

Answer 22

systemic effects; impacts all systems of th ebody

Question 23

neurogenic bladder disorder

Answer 23

results from damage or disfunction of nervous system that controls urinary function
partial or complete urinary retention, incontinence, urgency, pain, frequent urination

Question 24

pt implications of neurogenic bladder

Answer 24

bladder training, behavioral intervention, functional mobility, relaxed toilet setting