kidney and bladder Flashcards
kidney fluid and electrolyte homeostasis
regulated through thirst mechanisms and renal function via circulating antidiruretic hormone (ADH)- produced in teh hypothalamus and stored in the perterior pituitary gland
glomerular filtration rate
amount of filtrate that is formed each minute as blood moves through glomeruli.
normal level of potassium
3.5-5.5
hypokalemia
low potassium- diarrhea, vomiting, metabolic acidosis or alkalosis
hyperkalemia
high potassium, inadequate secretion with renal failure,
normal sodium levels
135-146
hyponatremia
low sodium; water intoxication
hypernatremia
high sodium; water deficits
normal calcium levels
8.4-10.4
hypocalcemia
reduced albumin levels
hypercalcemia
hypothyrodism
magnesium levels
1.8-2.4
normal blood pH
7.35-7.47
UTI
infection in urinary system
LUTI- urethra or bladder (most common)
UUTI- kidney
PT implications for uti
unable to fully participate until UTI controlled
refer to PCP if symptoms are bad
risk of other infections
catheter precations: free of kinking, foley catheter bag below bladder, do not keep bag on floor
pyelonephritis
upper UTI; bacteria from bladder to kidney, atonic bladder: increase uring and increase bacteria
urinary incontinence
lack of voluntary control over urination
renal cystic disease
cysts- degeneration of renal tissue; obstruction of tubular flow
polykidney disease
renal cystic disease; cysts form on epithelial lining- detaches from nephron– fibrosis
renal calculi; nephrolithiasis
stones develop in kidney
renal failure
acute: sudden loss of kidney function
chronic: progressive loss of kidney function
stage 4 and 5 of renal failure
systemic effects; impacts all systems of th ebody
neurogenic bladder disorder
results from damage or disfunction of nervous system that controls urinary function
partial or complete urinary retention, incontinence, urgency, pain, frequent urination
pt implications of neurogenic bladder
bladder training, behavioral intervention, functional mobility, relaxed toilet setting
