female repo Flashcards
origins of female reproductive disorders
central: neuroendocrine feedback axis (pituitary, hypothalamus)
ovarian
end-organ dysfunction
central: hypothalamic-pituitary function
change in rate or dose of secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus
may cause an altered pituitary response=ovarian disfunction
factors that affect GnRH
psychological stress
body fat content
change in rate, frequency, intensity of exercise
polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
results of altered response to gonadotropins
anovulation
ovaries do not release oocyte during menstrual cycle
hirsutism
imbalance of sex hormones resulting in excessive hair growth
dyslipidemia
unhealthy levels of one or more kinds of lipids in the body
amenorrhea
absence of menstrual period in woman reproduction age
normal menstrual bleeding directly related to what
normal growth of the uterine endometrium
pelvic infection
can produce adhesion and scarring of the endometrium and/or fallopian tubes may result in infertility
pregnancy disorders
implantation- opportunity for miscarriage
diabetes- placenta produces hormone called HCS that elevates blood glucose
poor control of blood glucose during pregnancy has an effect of the mother
retinopathy, nephropathy, ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, infection, preeclampsia/clampsia
poor control of blood glucose during pregnancy has an effect of the fetus
death, spontaneous abortion, madrosomia (large body, high blood glucose)
poor control of blood glucose during pregnancy has an effect of neonatal
hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, ploycythemia (excess number of RBC), hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice skin)
placenta previa
third trimester bleeding, placental obstruction of all or part of internal cervical
placental abruption
premature separation of normally implanted placenta
benign breast disease
subtle imbalance in relative levels of estrogen and progesterone, premature breast tenderness
dysmenorrhea
pain and cramping typically in lower abdominal area occuring days before and during menstual flow
preeclampsia-eclampsia
one of the most common maternal deaths in US, hypertension, proteinuria, edema, can lead to hypertension and placental insufficiency
