Kidney Flashcards
Location
Epigastric, hypochirium, lumbar and umblical regions
T12-L3
Medial border of kidney
Concave, with Hilum
containing Renaal vein, renal artery and pelvis
Coomon relations of both kidneys
Upper pole > adrenal gland
Medially> ureter
Posteriorly> Diaphram, arcuate ligament, psoas major, subcoaatal vessles
Relations of Right kidney
Posteriorly - 12th rib
Anteriorly- liver, 2nd part of duodenum, hepatic flexure, coils of small intestine
Relations of Left kidney
Posteriorly- 11th-12th rib
Anteriorly- Spleen, sotmach, pancreas, splenic vessels, jejenum
Coverings of kidney
- Fibrous capsule
- Perirenal fast
- renal fascia (fascia transversalis)
- Pararenal fascia
Renal sinus
Large central cavity, surrounded by parenchyma of kidney filled with loose areolar connective tissue containting fat
Renal pelvis
funnel shaped expansiion of the ureter where it joins the kidney and passes into the sinus to divide it into calyces
Calyces
Regions of renal sinus divided by renal pelvis into 3 major calyces further divided into 12 minor calyces
Renal Papilla
A cylindrical attactment if minor calyx to conical projection of renal tissue
Structure of Kidney on section
- Outer darker cortex
2. Inner paler medulla consisting of 20 medullary pyraminds
Renal Lobe
A medullary pyramid with overlying coritcal arch
Renal lobules
Medullary ray with overlying cortical tissue
Nephron
Blindly ending epithelial tubule subdivided into Renal corpuscle and renal tubules
Renal corpuscle
Roughly spherical and consists of tuft of capillary and bowmans capsule
Uniferous tubules
Consist of
excretory and collecting part
Collecting part
Junctionla tubules that join together to form ducts of Bellni >minor calyces> ureter > bladder
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
consists of
- Macula Densa- cells of DCT sensitive to Aldosterone and ions
- Juxtaglomerular Cells-epitheiloid cells in media of afferent arteriole secrete renin
- Mesangial cells- act as messenger cells
Blood supply of kidney
Renal Artery- 4 ant and 1 post branch
Segmental> lobar> interlobar> arcuate >interlobular>afferent arteriole> glomerulus >efferent arteriole
Lymphatics
Lateral aortic nodes
Nerve supply
Renal plexus via celiac plexus
SNS T10-T11
PSNS- Lesser splanchnic
In surgical procedures of kiney there is risk of
opening the pleural cavity
Renal angle
Angle between erector spinae and 12th rib
tendereness of kidney is elicited by placing pressure over here
Blood and pus of the kidney cannot cross to the opposite side due to
Fascial septum and midline attatchement of reenal fascia
Polycystic kidneys most often lead to
hypertension
Kidney stones lie
on the body of vertebra
Podocytes
Large stellate cell with foot processes
Maintain filteration barrier
Slit pores
Narrow clefts between podocytes
Types of nephrons
- Cortical:
- majority
- present in outer 2/3rd
- Shorter loop of henle - Juxtamedullary:
- present in inner 1/3rd
- loop of henle extends deep into medulla
- Ascending limb has thick and thin portions
Filtration barrier
Consists of
- Fenestrated glomerular endothelium
- basal lamina
- foot processes of podocytes
Permits the passage of water, ions and small molecules into the space but prevents passage of large and irregular nolecules
Polycystic kidneys
Nonunion of excretory and collecting parts of kidney
Horshoe kidney
Fusion of lower poles of kidneys
Early pelvis postion of kidney persists
Renal artery arises from common iliac
