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Renal > Kidney > Flashcards

Kidney Flashcards

1
Q

Location

A

Epigastric, hypochirium, lumbar and umblical regions

T12-L3

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2
Q

Medial border of kidney

A

Concave, with Hilum

containing Renaal vein, renal artery and pelvis

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3
Q

Coomon relations of both kidneys

A

Upper pole > adrenal gland
Medially> ureter
Posteriorly> Diaphram, arcuate ligament, psoas major, subcoaatal vessles

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4
Q

Relations of Right kidney

A

Posteriorly - 12th rib

Anteriorly- liver, 2nd part of duodenum, hepatic flexure, coils of small intestine

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5
Q

Relations of Left kidney

A

Posteriorly- 11th-12th rib

Anteriorly- Spleen, sotmach, pancreas, splenic vessels, jejenum

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6
Q

Coverings of kidney

A
  1. Fibrous capsule
  2. Perirenal fast
  3. renal fascia (fascia transversalis)
  4. Pararenal fascia
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7
Q

Renal sinus

A

Large central cavity, surrounded by parenchyma of kidney filled with loose areolar connective tissue containting fat

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8
Q

Renal pelvis

A

funnel shaped expansiion of the ureter where it joins the kidney and passes into the sinus to divide it into calyces

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9
Q

Calyces

A

Regions of renal sinus divided by renal pelvis into 3 major calyces further divided into 12 minor calyces

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10
Q

Renal Papilla

A

A cylindrical attactment if minor calyx to conical projection of renal tissue

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11
Q

Structure of Kidney on section

A
  1. Outer darker cortex

2. Inner paler medulla consisting of 20 medullary pyraminds

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12
Q

Renal Lobe

A

A medullary pyramid with overlying coritcal arch

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13
Q

Renal lobules

A

Medullary ray with overlying cortical tissue

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14
Q

Nephron

A

Blindly ending epithelial tubule subdivided into Renal corpuscle and renal tubules

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15
Q

Renal corpuscle

A

Roughly spherical and consists of tuft of capillary and bowmans capsule

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16
Q

Uniferous tubules

A

Consist of

excretory and collecting part

17
Q

Collecting part

A

Junctionla tubules that join together to form ducts of Bellni >minor calyces> ureter > bladder

18
Q

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

A

consists of

  1. Macula Densa- cells of DCT sensitive to Aldosterone and ions
  2. Juxtaglomerular Cells-epitheiloid cells in media of afferent arteriole secrete renin
  3. Mesangial cells- act as messenger cells
19
Q

Blood supply of kidney

A

Renal Artery- 4 ant and 1 post branch

Segmental> lobar> interlobar> arcuate >interlobular>afferent arteriole> glomerulus >efferent arteriole

20
Q

Lymphatics

A

Lateral aortic nodes

21
Q

Nerve supply

A

Renal plexus via celiac plexus
SNS T10-T11
PSNS- Lesser splanchnic

22
Q

In surgical procedures of kiney there is risk of

A

opening the pleural cavity

23
Q

Renal angle

A

Angle between erector spinae and 12th rib

tendereness of kidney is elicited by placing pressure over here

24
Q

Blood and pus of the kidney cannot cross to the opposite side due to

A

Fascial septum and midline attatchement of reenal fascia

25
Q

Polycystic kidneys most often lead to

A

hypertension

26
Q

Kidney stones lie

A

on the body of vertebra

27
Q

Podocytes

A

Large stellate cell with foot processes

Maintain filteration barrier

28
Q

Slit pores

A

Narrow clefts between podocytes

29
Q

Types of nephrons

A
  1. Cortical:
    - majority
    - present in outer 2/3rd
    - Shorter loop of henle
  2. Juxtamedullary:
    - present in inner 1/3rd
    - loop of henle extends deep into medulla
    - Ascending limb has thick and thin portions
30
Q

Filtration barrier

A

Consists of

  1. Fenestrated glomerular endothelium
  2. basal lamina
  3. foot processes of podocytes

Permits the passage of water, ions and small molecules into the space but prevents passage of large and irregular nolecules

31
Q

Polycystic kidneys

A

Nonunion of excretory and collecting parts of kidney

32
Q

Horshoe kidney

A

Fusion of lower poles of kidneys

33
Q

Early pelvis postion of kidney persists

A

Renal artery arises from common iliac

Renal (8 decks)

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