Embryology Flashcards
Pronephroi appear in
4th week
Mesonephroi appear in
later 4th week
mesonephroi function as interim kidneys for
4 weeks
Metanephroi appear in
5th week (functional after 4 weeks)
Metanephric diverticulum (uteric bud)
outgrotwth of mesonephric duct near its entrace to cloaca
Metanephric blastema is derived from
Nephrogenic cord
Ureter is derived from
stalk of metanephric diverticulum
Collecting tubulues are formed from
Cranial portion of the diverticulum (uteric bud)
Number of glomeruli increase in
10th-18th week
Glomeruli increase rapidly in and reach limit in
32nd week
Glomerular filtration begins in
9th week
Nephron is derived from
Metranephric blastema
Branching of metanephric diverticulum is dependant on
Induction by metanephric mesenchyme
Differentiation of nephrons depends on
induction by collecting tubules
Interaction of the bud and blastema to induce each other is called
reciprocal induction
Kidneys obtain their adult postion by
9th week
INITIALLY renal arteries are branches of
common iliac
After acending renal arteries are a branch of
Abdominal aorta
Baldder develops from
Vesical part of urogenital sinus
trigones develop from caudal ends of the mesonephric ducts
Bladder enters greater pelvis at
6yrs
enteres lesser -pelvis after puberty
Urethra is derived from
Epithelium from endoderm of urogenital sinus
CT and smooth muscle from- splanchnic mesenchyme
Accessory renal arteries arise from
Aorta
Hydronephrosis may be caused by a accessory renal artery if
It enters inferior pole (polar)
Which kidney is usually absent in agenesis
Left
Infants with single umbilical artery may have
Unilateral agenesis
Oligohydromnios and pulmonary hypoplasia are associated with
Bilateral agenesis
Eyes are widely seperated, epicanthic folds, ears are low set, nose is broad and flat, limb defects
Bilateral agenesis
Bilateral agenesis occurs due to
Failure if metanephrogenic diverticula to penetrate blastena
Rotation of kidney
90 degrees medially
Most ectopic kidneys are in the
Pelvis
Ongerior abdomen
Discoid pancake kidney
Pelvic ectopic kidney
Horshoe kidneys lie in the
Hypogastrium anterior to lower lunbar verterbrae
Horshe kidney is caught by the
Inferior mesentric
Syndromic association of horshoe kidney
Turner
Ectopic ureters open in
Males: neck of bladder or prostatic urethra
Females: bladder neck, urethra
Incontinance
Ectopic ureter
Absolute renal failure and lethal pulmonary hypoplasia are consequences of
Megacystis
Trigone and ureteric orifaces are exposed and urine dribbles
Exstrophy of bladder
