Embryology

Question 1

Pronephroi appear in

Answer 1

4th week

Question 2

Mesonephroi appear in

Answer 2

later 4th week

Question 3

mesonephroi function as interim kidneys for

Answer 3

4 weeks

Question 4

Metanephroi appear in

Answer 4

5th week (functional after 4 weeks)

Question 5

Metanephric diverticulum (uteric bud)

Answer 5

outgrotwth of mesonephric duct near its entrace to cloaca

Question 6

Metanephric blastema is derived from

Answer 6

Nephrogenic cord

Question 7

Ureter is derived from

Answer 7

stalk of metanephric diverticulum

Question 8

Collecting tubulues are formed from

Answer 8

Cranial portion of the diverticulum (uteric bud)

Question 9

Number of glomeruli increase in

Answer 9

10th-18th week

Question 10

Glomeruli increase rapidly in and reach limit in

Answer 10

32nd week

Question 11

Glomerular filtration begins in

Answer 11

9th week

Question 12

Nephron is derived from

Answer 12

Metranephric blastema

Question 13

Branching of metanephric diverticulum is dependant on

Answer 13

Induction by metanephric mesenchyme

Question 14

Differentiation of nephrons depends on

Answer 14

induction by collecting tubules

Question 15

Interaction of the bud and blastema to induce each other is called

Answer 15

reciprocal induction

Question 16

Kidneys obtain their adult postion by

Answer 16

9th week

Question 17

INITIALLY renal arteries are branches of

Answer 17

common iliac

Question 18

After acending renal arteries are a branch of

Answer 18

Abdominal aorta

Question 19

Baldder develops from

Answer 19

Vesical part of urogenital sinus

trigones develop from caudal ends of the mesonephric ducts

Question 20

Bladder enters greater pelvis at

Answer 20

6yrs

enteres lesser -pelvis after puberty

Question 21

Urethra is derived from

Answer 21

Epithelium from endoderm of urogenital sinus

CT and smooth muscle from- splanchnic mesenchyme

Question 22

Accessory renal arteries arise from

Answer 22

Aorta

Question 23

Hydronephrosis may be caused by a accessory renal artery if

Answer 23

It enters inferior pole (polar)

Question 24

Which kidney is usually absent in agenesis

Answer 24

Left

Question 25

Infants with single umbilical artery may have

Answer 25

Unilateral agenesis

Question 26

Oligohydromnios and pulmonary hypoplasia are associated with

Answer 26

Bilateral agenesis

Question 27

Eyes are widely seperated, epicanthic folds, ears are low set, nose is broad and flat, limb defects

Answer 27

Bilateral agenesis

Question 28

Bilateral agenesis occurs due to

Answer 28

Failure if metanephrogenic diverticula to penetrate blastena

Question 29

Rotation of kidney

Answer 29

90 degrees medially

Question 30

Most ectopic kidneys are in the

Answer 30

Pelvis

Ongerior abdomen

Question 31

Discoid pancake kidney

Answer 31

Pelvic ectopic kidney

Question 32

Horshoe kidneys lie in the

Answer 32

Hypogastrium anterior to lower lunbar verterbrae

Question 33

Horshe kidney is caught by the

Answer 33

Inferior mesentric

Question 34

Syndromic association of horshoe kidney

Answer 34

Turner

Question 35

Ectopic ureters open in

Answer 35

Males: neck of bladder or prostatic urethra

Females: bladder neck, urethra

Question 36

Incontinance

Answer 36

Ectopic ureter

Question 37

Absolute renal failure and lethal pulmonary hypoplasia are consequences of

Answer 37

Megacystis

Question 38

Trigone and ureteric orifaces are exposed and urine dribbles

Answer 38

Exstrophy of bladder