Kidney Flashcards
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors site of action
give examples
proximal tubule
reduces reabsorption of water
acetazolamide
Osmotic diuretics
proximal tubule
reduces reabsorption of water
mannitol
Loop diuretics
Ascending loop
furosemide
bumetidine
ethacrynic acid
Thiazide diuretics
distal tubule
inhibit Na-Cl transporter
hydrochlorothiazide
Chlorothiazone
Metolazone
Indapamide
Potassium sparing diuretics
collecting ducts
spironolactone
amiloride
triamterene
Tests of glomerular function
*creatitine clearnace
BUN
Creatinine
Tests of tubular function
Fractiona excretin of sodium
Urine osmolarity
Urine sodium concentration
urine speific gravity
BUN normal value and what it tests
10-20
tests of glomerular filtration
Creatinine normal value and what it tests
0.7-1.5
glomerular filtration
Creatitine clearance
110-150 mL/min
best indicator of glomerular function
Fractional excretion of Na+ normal value and what it measures
1-3%
tubular function (concentrating ability)
Urine osmolality normal
65-1400 mOs/kg
Urine sodium concentration normal
130-260 mE/day
Urine specific gravity normal
1.003-1.030
What drugs do you need increase the spacing/interval in AKI
Acetaminophen
acetylsalici acid
AKI diagnosis
50% increase in creatinine and UO < 0.5 mL/kg/ hr for 6 hours
NS 3rd spacing replacement in AKI
NS 2-3 mL/kg/hr
small blood loss replacement in AKI
3:1 crystalloids
Lg blood loss replacemeng AKI
1:1 blood or colloids
CKD diagnosis
GFR < 60 mL/min for 3 months
Kidney damage GFR
> 90
Mild stage CKD
GFR 60-90
Moderate stage CKD
GFR 30-60
severe statge CKD
15-30 GFR
end stage CKD
<15 GFR
uremic syndrome
failure to excrete toxins
uremic syndrome indicator
BUN
Uremic bleeding diagnosis
increased bleeding time
normal clotting factors
uremic syndrome treatment
dialysis
protein restricted diet
uremic bleeding tx
desmopressin
dialysis
renal osteodystrophy
demineralization of bones
renal osteodystrophy cause
hyperparathyroid
renal osteodystrophy tx
vit D
antacids
parathyroidectomy
5 dialysis indicators
- volume overload
- persistent hyper K
- severe metaolic acidosis
- hyperuremia
- OD with drug cleared by dialysis
dialysis complications
disequilibrium and dementia
hypotension and arrhythmias
hypoxemia
ascites
cramping
Sedation for fistula surgery
MAC with minimal sedation
these patients are very sick
sedation for nephrectomy
General
may do regional for post op pain
complication nephrectomy
vessel/organ injury
pneumothorax
hemorrhage
hypothermia
