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Biology > Kidney > Flashcards

Kidney Flashcards

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1
Q

what is excretion

A

-the removal of waste products as a result of metabolic reactions(cellular processes)
-excretory organs are lungs, kidneys and skin

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2
Q

what is egestion

A

-the removal of undigested food from the digestive system through the anus

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3
Q

what is homeostasis

A

maintenance of a constant internal environment

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4
Q

what does urine contain

A

-urea
-other nitrogenous wastes
-salts (sodium, potassium)
-water

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5
Q

what is urine produced by

A

-kidneys

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6
Q

what is the function of the kidney

A

-excretion
-osmoregulation
-the kidney removes waste from our blood
-it also adjusts the amount of water and salt in the blood
-the kidney sends the waste to your bladder to be stored as urine

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7
Q

relevance of liver with urine

A

-this organ is responsible for breaking down excess amino acids from digested proteins to make ammonia. Too much ammonia is dangerous as it is very acidic, so it is converted to urea and sent to the kidneys

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8
Q

relevance of kidney with urine

A

-once urea has been formed in the liver it travels to the kidney. The urea is then filtered out along with water and other unneeded ions to form urine

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9
Q

relevance of the ureter with urine

A

-narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the bladder
-These tubes are made out of smooth muscle

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10
Q

relevance of bladder with urine

A

-stores the urine it is distended

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11
Q

relevance of urethra with urine

A

-a tube that connects the bladder for the removal of urine(and semen in males) to the outside of the body

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12
Q

label kidney

A

google it mate

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13
Q

how does blood enter the kidney

A

-renal artery

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14
Q

how does blood exit the kidney

A

-renal vein

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15
Q

what is the cortex

A

-contains tiny blood vessels
-contains nephrons
-ultrafiltration occurs

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16
Q

what is the medulla

A

-contains nephrons and capillaries
-connects to renal pelvis
-osmoregulation (regulation of water)

17
Q

what is the renal pelvis

A

connects kidney to ureter

18
Q

what are the 6 parts of the nephron

A

-glomerulus
-bowman’s capsule
-proximal convoluted tubule
-loop of henle
-distal convoluted tubule
-collecting duct

19
Q

define ultrafiltration

A

-small molecules and ions are filtered out of the blood under higher pressure, into the bowman’s capsule

20
Q

define selective reabsorption

A

-molecules and ions which are required by the body are taken back from the nephro

21
Q

how does the site of ultrafiltration work

A

-the blood in the glomerulus, and the fluid in the bowman’s capsule are separated by 2 layers of cell (capillary wall and wall of the capsule) In between the layers in the basement membrane

22
Q

how does ultrafiltration work

A

-the blood is forced through the glomerulus under high pressure
-The size of molecules allowed to leave the blood depends on the following 3 filters: capillary wall, basement membrane and Bowman capsule wall
-water , glucose and other small molecules are allowed through, but cells and large proteins stay behind in the blood
-the fluid that enters the bowman capsule space is called the glomerular filtrate
-very high blood pressure can cause proteins to be forced into the bowman’s capsule and appear in urine

23
Q

where does selective reabsorption occur

A

-proximal convoluted tubule

24
Q

how does selective reabsorption work

A

-all of glucose molecules are reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the blood via active transport

25
Q

how and where is water reabsorbed into the blood

A

osmosis in the loop of henle

26
Q

define osmoregulation

A

maintaining a constant level of water and salts in the body

27
Q

what is ADH

A

anti-diuretic hormone

28
Q

what does ADH do

A

it is a substance that produces less urine

29
Q

where is ADH secreted from

A

the pituitary gland

30
Q

describe how ADH works

A

-dehydration
-decreased water potential in the blood
-osmoreceptor cells in the hypothalamus detect low water potential in blood
-hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland
-the pituitary gland secretes increased amounts of ADH
-ADH is secreted in the blood
-ADH arrives at the collecting duct, and causes it to become more permeable to water
-more water is reabsorbed into the blood. Therefore less urine is produced and it is more concentrated

Biology (14 decks)

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