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MCDB 1B > Kidney > Flashcards

Kidney Flashcards

1
Q

purpose of the kidneys

A

filtration and maintain osmotic balance

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2
Q

what is the functional unit of the kidney

A

the nephron

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3
Q

3 major parts of the nephron

A
  1. renal corpuscle (glomerulus + Bowmans capsule)
  2. renal tubule
  3. collecting ducts
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4
Q

what takes place in the renal corpuscle (glomerulus + Bowmans capsule)

A

site of filtration

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5
Q

what takes place in the renal tubule

A

site of tubular secretion and absorption
its surrounded by capillaries

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6
Q

what takes place in the collecting ducts

A

site or urine processing (concentration or dilution)

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7
Q

where is the glomeruli located

A

in the cortex

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8
Q

where are the renal tubules

A

they loop through the medulla

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9
Q

where are the collecting ducts

A

start at cortex, pass through medulla, and empty into the ureter

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10
Q

how does a longer loop of henle help you

A

the longer the loop of henle the more concentrated your urine is

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11
Q

where does the afferent arteriole lead

A

afferent arteriole goes in

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12
Q

where does efferent arteriole lead

A

efferent arteriole goes out

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13
Q

what are the specialized zones of the renal tubules

A

proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting ducts

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14
Q

which part of the renal tubule creates an osmotic gradient

A

the loop of henle

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15
Q

function of the proximal convoluted tubule

A

major site of reabsorption of NaCl, and glucose (active transport). water flows by osmosis (passive transport)

ph regulation by secretion of H+, reabsorption of HCO3- (bicarbonate buffer system)

site of secretion of NH3 and assorted poisons

materials removed from tubules returned to venous blood via uptake in per tubular capillaries

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16
Q

structure of proximal convoluted tubule

A

cells have lots of microvilli on lumen face (large survive area for reabsorption)

reabsorption requires active transport, supported by many mitochondria

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17
Q

function of the loop of henle

A

creates concentration gradient in medulla by countercurrent exchange

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18
Q

what creates the gradient in the medulla

A

anti-parallel flow of materials (goes up and down the loop of henle

19
Q

what is the purpose of anti parallel flow

A

anti parallel flow allows for some of the blood to be oxygenated to 100%. if it were a parallel flow the blood would only have 50% oxygenation

20
Q

what is the purpose of anti parallel flow

A

anti parallel flow allows for the blood to be oxygenated to 100%. if it were a parallel flow the blood would only have 50% oxygenation

the concentration gradient is maintained throughout the area of exchange

21
Q

function of the loop of henle

A

establishes external concentration gradient in medulla

22
Q

what is the descending limb permeable to

A

high permeable to water but not ions

23
Q

what is the thin ascending limb permeable to

A

permeable to salt (NaCl) passive transport

24
Q

what is the thick ascending permeable to

A

actively pumps out salt, not permeable to water

25
Q

what is the collecting duct permeable to

A

permeable to water but not ions, slightly permeable to urea at the bottom

26
Q

how does urine get concentrated

A

water leaves the collecting duct by osmosis leaving most of the urea in the collecting duct. urine becomes more concentrated because water is leaving

27
Q

summary of proximal convoluted tubule

A

major site of salt, nutrient and water reabsorption, pH regulation, and secretion of wastes

28
Q

summary of the loop of henle

A

creates external concentration gradient in medulla by countercurrent exchange

29
Q

summary of distal convoluted tubule

A

nacl and water reabsorption

30
Q

summary of collecting duct

A

concentrates urine as water is lost by osmosis, degree of concentration depends on magnitude of gradient

31
Q

which organelles do the cells of the proximal convoluted tubules have a lot of

A

many microvilli and mitochondria

32
Q

is urine more or less concentrated when it leaves the loop of henle than when it leaves it

A

urine is more concentrated when it leaves

33
Q

do the cells of the collecting duct conduct a lot or little active transport

A

conducts little active transport

34
Q

does the descending or ascending limb of the loop of henle transport NaCl

A

the ascending limb

35
Q

what are aquaporins

A

h2o selective channels that assist with the movement of water

36
Q

where are aquaporins in the kidney

A

abundant in structures with high water permeability

the proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb of the loop of henle,, collecting ducts

37
Q

what can a mutation of in the aquaporin cause

A

diabetes insipidus (production of lots of dilute urine) can result from mutation in an aquaporin family member

38
Q

how does kidney regulate renal blood pressure

A

if systemic pressure decreases, afferent (incoming) renal arterioles dilate to maintain flow through capillaries

39
Q

what are the tissue conditions for systemic regulation of blood pressure

A

low blood pressure, high osmolarity or high blood pressure in the heart

40
Q

what are the systemic signals for low blood pressure and high osmolarity

A

renin/angiotensin/aldosterone

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

41
Q

what are the responses for low blood pressure and high osmolarity

A

constrict efferent arterioles and peripheral vessels, increase salt uptake, thirst, water uptake

42
Q

what are the systemic signals for high blood pressure in the heart

A

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

43
Q

what are the responses for high blood pressure in heart

A

decrease salt and water uptake

44
Q

if the afferent arteriole that supplies blood to there glomerulus becomes dilated what happens

A

the glomerular filtration rate increases

MCDB 1B (9 decks)

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