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MCDB 1B > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

Where is bile secreted

A

Secreted in the liver and stored in the gallbladder

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2
Q

what is the purpose of bile

A

to digest/ emulsify fats. bile breaks fat into small balls so that its easier for digestion

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3
Q

where is trypsinogen secreted

A

trypsinogen is secreted in the pancreas

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4
Q

what is the purpose of trypsinogen

A

Trypsinogen is used to digest proteins once it is converted to trypsin.

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5
Q

Where is amylase secreted

A

Amylase is secreted by the exocrine glands in the mouth (salivary glands)

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6
Q

what is the purpose of amylase

A

amylase digest carbohydrates

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7
Q

what do chief cells secrete

A

chief cells secrete inactive pepsinogen

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8
Q

how does pepsinogen get activated

A

pepsinogen is activated to pepsin when mixed with hydrochloric acid in the stomach

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9
Q

which cells secrete hydrogen and chloride ions

A

Parietal cells secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen (cavity) of the stomach

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10
Q

what would happen if inhibition of bile salts were to occur

A

a lower amount of lipids would be digested.

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11
Q

why does an increase of antacids cause indigestion

A

a rise in pH causes less pepsinogen to be activated.

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12
Q

constipation can result from the consumption of a substance that

A

promotes more water reabsorption in the large intestine

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13
Q

what does a speed up movement of material in the large intestine cause

A

this results in diarrhea because its not in the large intestine long enough for enough water reabsorption to occur

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14
Q

what does a decrease of water reabsorption in the small intestine do

A

water does not get absorbed in small intestine

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15
Q

what gets absorbed in small intestine

A

Nutrients

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16
Q

Where is the duodenum

A

the beginning of the small intestines

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17
Q

what is the function of the duodenum

A

It is the site of most digestion

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18
Q

where in the small intestine do nutrients get absorbed

A

The middle (jejunum) and the end (ileum) are the sites where 90% of nutrients are absorbed

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19
Q

where does water reabsorption occur

A

in the large intestine

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20
Q

a person that develops a malfunction in their large intestine will have problems with what

A

water reabsorption

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21
Q

if someone is having trouble with absorbing nutrients with food, what is being affected

A

there is a problem with the small intestines

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22
Q

if someone is having trouble secreting bile what is being affected

A

the liver

23
Q

If someone is having trouble digesting proteins and other nutrients what is being affected.

A

Both pepsin and trypsin digest proteins because they are proteases. Pepsin is produced in stomach, trypsin in the pancreas

24
Q

What is the function of chylomicrons

A

transport lipids from the intestine to other organs

25
Q

what does a a carbohydrate rich meal increase and stimulate in the body

A

Insulin will increase promoting the intake of glucose from the blood

26
Q

Kwashiorkor is caused by the degradation of what

A

Proteins

27
Q

what do digestive processes use to facilitate digestion

A

They use water molecules when breaking bonds (hydrolysis)

28
Q

Are trypsin and pepsin produced as zymogens?

A

Yes, this means they are produced as an inactive form. Trypsinogen and Pepsinogen.

29
Q

Does pepsin function in acidic or basic pH levels

A

Acidic pH

30
Q

Does trypsin function in acidic or basic pH levels

A

Basic pH

31
Q

Where is pepsin produced

A

The stomach

32
Q

Where is trypsin produced

A

The pancreas

33
Q

What prevents chyme from entering into the esophagus

A

Spincter at the top of the stomach

34
Q

what is chyme

A

mixture of ingested food and gastric juice

35
Q

What does pancreatic amylase digest

A

it digests carbohydrates

36
Q

what does pancreatic lipase digest

A

It digests lipids (triglycerides)

37
Q

What does pancreatic nuclease digest

A

It digests dna and rna

38
Q

How does the pancreas neutralize the acid in chyme

A

It produces bicarbonates which are alkaline

39
Q

why is surface area important in the small intestine

A

It needs a large surface area to reabsorb nutrients

40
Q

where does nutrient rich blood go first.

A

It travels to the liver first for it to collect all of the nutrients and detoxify blood

41
Q

what does the liver do with the nutrients it gathers from the blood

A

the liver can. convert from one nutrient to another depending on what the body needs

42
Q

What do chief cells secrete

A

Pepsinogen

43
Q

What do parietal cells secrete

A

actively pump hydrogen cells into stomach to create hcl

44
Q

What do goblet cells secrete

A

mucous

45
Q

What are chylomicrons

A

Water soluble fats coated with phospholipids, cholesterol and proteins

46
Q

Why are chylomicrons transported using a lacteal (a lymph in lymphatic vessel)

A

Chylomicrons are too big to fit into the bloodstream

47
Q

If chylomicrons are too big how do they eventually enter the bloodstream

A

lymphatic vessels deliver the lymph containing the chylomicron to a large vein that returns to the heart

48
Q

What are lipoproteins

A

they transport fats in aqueous circulatory system

49
Q

are chylomicrons lipoproteins

A

yes they are the largest lipoprotein

50
Q

What are low density lipoproteins (ldl’s)

A

carry cholesterol from liver to body cells (bad cholesterol)

51
Q

what are high density lipoproteins (hdl’s)

A

collect cholesterol from body tissues and bring back to liver (good cholesterol)

52
Q

What are very low density lipoproteins (vldl’s)

A

carry triglycerides from liver to adipose tissue (love handles) know as ugly cholesterol because this is the fat that shows and makes you ugly

53
Q

is it good to have a high ratio of LDL to HDL

A

No this puts you at risk for atherosclerotic heart disease

MCDB 1B (9 decks)

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