Kidney Flashcards
Cortex
Outer layer of the kidney
Medulla
Middle layer of the kidney
Pelvis
Section of the kidney where the filtrate gathers.
Nephron
smallest unit of the kidney where filtration occurs.
Ureter
tube that connects the kidney to the bladder
bladder
muscular organ that stores urine
Urethra
tube that connects the bladder to the outside
What is the medical term for kidney?
renal
glomerulus
twisted capillaries that filter out glucose, water, salts, urea from blood
afferent arteriole
the blood vessel that enters the glomerulus
efferent arteriole
the blood vessel that leaves the glomerulus
collecting duct
the tube in the kidney that collects filtrate from several nephrons
creatinine
a waste product from the muscles
deanimation
the removal of amino group
dialysis
the method of removing waste from the blood when kidney failure occurs,
distal convoluted tubule
the second set of convolutions of the kidney tubule.
it receives the forming urine after it has passed through the loop of Henle.
Proximal convoluted tubule
the first set of convolutions of the kidney tubule located between the glomerular capsule and the loop of Henle.
excretion
removal of the wastes of metabolism.
facultative reabsorption
the process whereby carrier proteins assist the movement of substances through the cell membrane
glomerular capsule, Bowman’s capsule
the double walled cup-like structure at the end of each kidney tubule. It collects filtered water and other substances from the blood.
glomerular filtration
the filtration of blood in the kidney.
kidneys
the principal excretory organs of the human body.
They filter waste from the blood and regulate the balance of water and salts in the blood plasma
liver
organ that is part of the excretory system
loop of Henle
the U shaped section of the kidney tubule.
It plays a major role in the reabsorption of water and salts from the filtrate.
Nephron
The functional unit of the kidney
peritubular capillaries
the capillaries in the kidney that surround the convoluted tubules of the nephron, loop of Henle and the collecting duct.
renal artery
the blood vessel that transports blood into the kidney.
renal capsule
the tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney.
renal column
the extension of the renal cortex that divides the renal medulla into renal pyramids.
renal corpuscle
the filtration structures of the nephron composed of the glomerulus and glomerular capsule.
renal cortex
the outer part of the kidney
renal hilum
a depression in the kidney where the blood vessels and the ureter enter.
renal medulla
the inner part of the kidney
renal pyramid
a section of the renal medulla
renal tubule
the kidney tubule, it leads away from the glomerular capsule and empties into a collecting duct.
selective reabsorption
the reabsorption of some substances.
tubular secretion
the process whereby ions and drugs are secreted from the blood into the kidney tubule.
ureter
the tube that leaves each kidney and drains into the urinary bladder
uric acid
a breakdown product of the metabolism of purines from nucleic acids
urine
the fluid produced by the kidneys that contains wastes and excess materials
