Excretion Flashcards
Afferent arteriole
The blood vessel that enters an organ
Collecting duct
The tube in the kidney that collects filtrate from several nephrons
Creatinine
A waste product from the breakdown of muscles.
Deamination
The removal of the amino group from an amino acid molecule
Dialysis
A method of removing waste from the blood when kidney failure occurs
Distal convoluted tubule
The second set of convolutions of the kidney tubule;
It receives the forming urine after it has passed through the loop of Henle
Efferent arteriole
The blood vessel that leaves a glomerulus in the kidney
Excretion
Removal of the wastes of metabolism from the body.
Facultative reabsorption
The process whereby carrier proteins assist the movement of substances through the cell membrane
Filtrate
The fluid remaining after filtration has taken place
Glomerular capsule
The double-walled cup like structure at the end of each kidney tubule. It collects filtered water and other substances from the blood.
Bowman’s capsule.
Glomerular filtration
The filtration of blood in the kidney.
Glomerulus
The tightly coiled mass of capillaries that is surrounded by the expanded part of each kidney tubule.
Kidney stone
Solid mass of crystals that develop within the kidneys
Kidneys
The principal excretory organs of the human body;
they filter wastes from the blood and regulate the balance of water and salts in the blood plasma.
Liver
Organ that is part of the excretory system. Helps process toxins.
Loop of Henie
The U shaped section of the kidney tubule; it plays a major role in the reabsorption of water and salts from the filtrate
Nephron
The functional unit of the kidney.
Peritubular capillaries
The capillaries in the kidney that surround the convoluted tubules of the nephron, the loop of Henle and the collecting duct.
Proximal convoluted tubule
The first set of convolutions of the kidney tubule, located between the glomerular capsule and the loop of Henle
Renal artery
The blood vessel that transports blood into the kidney.
Renal capsule
A tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney.
Renal column
An extension of the renal cortex that divides the renal medulla into renal p.yramids
Renal cortex
The outer part of the kidney
Renal hilum
A depression in the kidney where the blood vessels and the ureter enter.
Renal medulla
The inner part of the kidney
Renal pelvis
The cavity of the kidney that collects urine before it passes to the ureter.
Renal pyramid
A section of the renal medulla
Renal tubule
The kidney tubule
it leads away from the glomerular capsule and empties into a collecting duct.
Renal Vein
The blood vessel transporting blood away from the kidney.
Selective reabsorption
The reabsorption of some substances and not others in the renal tubules.
Sweat glands
Tubular structures in the skin that produces sweat.
Tubular secretion
The process whereby ions and drugs are secreted from the blood into the kidney tubule.
Ureter
The tube that leaves each kidney and drains into the urinary bladder.
Uric acid
A breakdown product of the metabolism of proteins
Urinary system
The system composed of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra that is responsible for the excretion of wastes, the regulation of blood volume, pressure and pH as well as the concentration of chemicals.
Urine
The fluid produced by the kidneys that contains wastes and excess materials.
