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Human Biology 12 > Ch 2 Cells > Flashcards

Ch 2 Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the human body made of?

In order of size

A

cells, tissues, organs, systems

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2
Q

What is a cell organelle?

A

Structures that are suspended in the cytoplasm that have a particular function.

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3
Q

What is the equation for respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen = energy + carbon dioxide + water

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4
Q

What chemicals are needed for the body to make energy?

A

glucose + oxygen

this is the simplest form

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5
Q

What are the waste products of respiration?

A

carbon dioxide and water

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6
Q

What is the simplest living thing that can perform the processes of life?

A

cell

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7
Q

What is a UNICELLULAR organism?

A

a living thing made of only one cell.

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8
Q

What is a MULTICELLULAR organism?

A

a living thing made up of many cells.

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9
Q

What is CELL THEORY ?

A

The theory that living things are made up of cells.

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10
Q

How many cells are there in 1mL of blood?

A

5 million

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11
Q

All of the body’s functions are caused by the combined efforts and co-ordination of …

A

cells

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12
Q

Why do cells vary in shape?

A

Their different shape helps them carry out their function.

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13
Q

Cell Membrane

A

the outer boundary of the cell.
made of double layer of lipid molecules
semi permeable

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14
Q

Cytoplasm

A

jelly like substance that allows chemical reactions to occur

supports organelles

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15
Q

Organelles

A

Structures that are suspended in the cytoplasm and carry out a particular function

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16
Q

Cytosol

A

the liquid part of the cytoplasm

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17
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Internal scaffolding of protein fibres within the cytoplasm

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18
Q

Inclusions

A

chemical substances occurring as granules or liquid droplets in the cytoplasm

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19
Q

Vesicle

A

membrane bound sac that transports chemicals into and out of the cell

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20
Q

Ribosome

A

very small and spherical organelles.
make proteins from amino acids
usually found in Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

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21
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Pairs of parallel membranes through the cytoplasm.
Connects cell membrane to nuclear membrane.
Rough ER contains ribosomes
Transports and stores

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22
Q

Golgi body/ apparatus

A

stores, sorts proteins.

sends to vesicles to transport

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23
Q

Mitochondria

A

respiration occurs here

has own DNA from mother

24
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls cell
Contains DNA
Has nuclear pores

25
Q

Nucleolus

A

has no membrane
made of RNA
Makes ribosomes

26
Q

Lysosomes

A

break down proteins, fats, nucleic acids and some carbohydrates

27
Q

Why is the cell membrane important?

A

Controls what enters and exits the cell.

28
Q

What percentage of the cytosol is water?

A

75% to 90%

29
Q

Where do most metabolic reactions occur?

A

cytoplasm

30
Q

How many nuceii does each cell have?

a. red blood cell
b. skin cell
c. liver cell

A

a. 0
b. 1
c. 2

31
Q

What does the nuclear membrane do?

A

Separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.

32
Q

The nuclear membrane is a bilayer membrane

T?F

A

true

33
Q

How do chemicals make their way into the nucleus?

What important chemical needs to leave the nucleus?

A

They pass through nuclear pores.

RNA

34
Q

Chromatin

A

long thread of DNA

35
Q

When the chromatin thicken they become visible and are called

A

Chromosomes

36
Q

What is the function of DNA?

What is the full name of DNA?

A

Encodes information to make proteins.

Deoxyribonucleic acid

37
Q

What is the function of Nucleolus

A

Makes ribosomes, makes RNA

38
Q

RIBOSOMES

A

join amino acids,
to make peptides,
to make proteins

39
Q

Where are ribosomes found in the cell?

A

In the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Ctyoplasm

40
Q

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Provides a surface for chemical reactions

41
Q

What is the golgi body? Where is it usually found?

A

Flat membranes stacked against each other.

Usually near the nucleus.

42
Q

What is the function of the Golgi body?

A

sorts proteins and secretes them from the cell.

43
Q

Give a flow chart for the production of proteins

A

ribosomes —- ER—–Golgi body ——vesicles.

44
Q

Lysosomes

A

small spheres that contain digestive enzymes that break down large waste molecules.

45
Q

Mitochondria

A

organelle with double membrane that perform respiration

i.e. produce energy

46
Q

Cilia

A

many hair like structures on the cell

47
Q

flagella

A

one or two hair like structures on the cell

48
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Framework of protein fibres that gives the cell its shape.

49
Q

Inclusions

A

Chemical substances that are not part of the cell.

e.g. haemoglobin, melanin

50
Q

Where is melanin found?

A

hair, skin, hair, iris

51
Q

Tissue fluid Extracellular fluid

A

Fluid found around the cells

52
Q

What is the function of the tissue fluid?

A

Allows chemicals into and out of the cell.

53
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment, despite fluctuations in the external environment.

54
Q

Name 2 chemicals that the cell needs and 2 chemicals that the cell needs to remove.

A

glucose oxygen

water, carbon dioxide, urea.

55
Q

Name two other chemicals that cells make that the body needs

A

hormones

enzymes

Human Biology 12 (12 decks)

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