Ch 2 Cells Flashcards
What is the human body made of?
In order of size
cells, tissues, organs, systems
What is a cell organelle?
Structures that are suspended in the cytoplasm that have a particular function.
What is the equation for respiration?
glucose + oxygen = energy + carbon dioxide + water
What chemicals are needed for the body to make energy?
glucose + oxygen
this is the simplest form
What are the waste products of respiration?
carbon dioxide and water
What is the simplest living thing that can perform the processes of life?
cell
What is a UNICELLULAR organism?
a living thing made of only one cell.
What is a MULTICELLULAR organism?
a living thing made up of many cells.
What is CELL THEORY ?
The theory that living things are made up of cells.
How many cells are there in 1mL of blood?
5 million
All of the body’s functions are caused by the combined efforts and co-ordination of …
cells
Why do cells vary in shape?
Their different shape helps them carry out their function.
Cell Membrane
the outer boundary of the cell.
made of double layer of lipid molecules
semi permeable
Cytoplasm
jelly like substance that allows chemical reactions to occur
supports organelles
Organelles
Structures that are suspended in the cytoplasm and carry out a particular function
Cytosol
the liquid part of the cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Internal scaffolding of protein fibres within the cytoplasm
Inclusions
chemical substances occurring as granules or liquid droplets in the cytoplasm
Vesicle
membrane bound sac that transports chemicals into and out of the cell
Ribosome
very small and spherical organelles.
make proteins from amino acids
usually found in Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Pairs of parallel membranes through the cytoplasm.
Connects cell membrane to nuclear membrane.
Rough ER contains ribosomes
Transports and stores
Golgi body/ apparatus
stores, sorts proteins.
sends to vesicles to transport
Mitochondria
respiration occurs here
has own DNA from mother
Nucleus
Controls cell
Contains DNA
Has nuclear pores
Nucleolus
has no membrane
made of RNA
Makes ribosomes
Lysosomes
break down proteins, fats, nucleic acids and some carbohydrates
Why is the cell membrane important?
Controls what enters and exits the cell.
What percentage of the cytosol is water?
75% to 90%
Where do most metabolic reactions occur?
cytoplasm
How many nuceii does each cell have?
a. red blood cell
b. skin cell
c. liver cell
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
What does the nuclear membrane do?
Separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.
The nuclear membrane is a bilayer membrane
T?F
true
How do chemicals make their way into the nucleus?
What important chemical needs to leave the nucleus?
They pass through nuclear pores.
RNA
Chromatin
long thread of DNA
When the chromatin thicken they become visible and are called
Chromosomes
What is the function of DNA?
What is the full name of DNA?
Encodes information to make proteins.
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is the function of Nucleolus
Makes ribosomes, makes RNA
RIBOSOMES
join amino acids,
to make peptides,
to make proteins
Where are ribosomes found in the cell?
In the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Ctyoplasm
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Provides a surface for chemical reactions
What is the golgi body? Where is it usually found?
Flat membranes stacked against each other.
Usually near the nucleus.
What is the function of the Golgi body?
sorts proteins and secretes them from the cell.
Give a flow chart for the production of proteins
ribosomes —- ER—–Golgi body ——vesicles.
Lysosomes
small spheres that contain digestive enzymes that break down large waste molecules.
Mitochondria
organelle with double membrane that perform respiration
i.e. produce energy
Cilia
many hair like structures on the cell
flagella
one or two hair like structures on the cell
Cytoskeleton
Framework of protein fibres that gives the cell its shape.
Inclusions
Chemical substances that are not part of the cell.
e.g. haemoglobin, melanin
Where is melanin found?
hair, skin, hair, iris
Tissue fluid Extracellular fluid
Fluid found around the cells
What is the function of the tissue fluid?
Allows chemicals into and out of the cell.
Homeostasis
Maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment, despite fluctuations in the external environment.
Name 2 chemicals that the cell needs and 2 chemicals that the cell needs to remove.
glucose oxygen
water, carbon dioxide, urea.
Name two other chemicals that cells make that the body needs
hormones
enzymes
