Chapter 12 glossary Flashcards
acetabulum
socket of the pelvis in which the head of the thigh bone fits
adaptation
a particular structure,
physiological process
or form of behaviour
that makes an organism better able to survive and reproduce in a particular environment
bipedalism
walking on two legs
brow ridge
a ridge of bone above the eye sockets of the skull.
carrying angle
the arrangement of the thigh bones to form an angle to the vertical.
cerebral cortex
the outer layer of the cerebrum, made op of grey matter.
cerebrum
the largest part of the brain;
made up of left and right hemisphere.
convolution
An upward fold of the cerebral cortex of the brain
also called GYRUS
cranial capacity
The volume of that part of the skull that is occupied by the brain.
cranium
the part of the skull that contains the brain.
dental arcade
the shape of the pattern made by the teeth as they are set in the jaw.
dental formula
A formula that gives the number of each type of tooth in one-quarter of the jaw.
diastema
a gap in the row of teeth
usually the gap next to the canine teeth in primates
diurnal
active in the day
endocast
an impression of the inside of the brain case, either artificial or natural
made of rock or some other solid material
femur
thigh bone
foramen magnum
the opening beneath the cranium through which the spinal cord passes.
frontal lobe
One of the 5 lobes of each cerebral hemisphere
hominid
a member of the family Hominidae.
Includes humans and great apes.
Hominin
a member of the tribe Hominini
Humans, past and present
Longitudinal arch
the arch of the bones of the foot, running from front to back
Lumbar
describes the lower region of the spinal column.
Lumbar vertebrae support the lower back.
Metatarsals
the bones of the foot between the toes and the ankle.
Opposability
The ability to use the thumb to touch the tips of each of the other fingers.
Pentadactyl
a limb with 5 fingers or toes.
Power grip
Force applied by the fingers and thumb towards the palm to transmit force to an object.
Precision grip
The grasping of an object between the thumb tip and finger tip.
e.g. pencil while writing
Prehensile
Grasping
Prognathism
Having a protruding jaw - slope to the face.
Quadrupedalism
Walking on 4 legs
Striding gait
A way of walking in which the hip and knee are fully extended.
Transverse arch
the arch of the bones of the foot, running from side to side.
