Kidney Flashcards
Location of kidneys :
Lie on posterior abdominal wall; either side of v. column at T12-L3 Vertebrae; Epigastric, Hypochondriac, Lumbar and Umbilical
__ Kidney lies slightly lower level than __ one due to presence of liver
Right ; Left ; Liver
___ Kidney is nearer to median plane
Left
The long axes of kidneys are
Sightly oblique : Directed downwards and laterally making their upper poles nearer to each other than lower poles
Both kidneys move downwards during ___
Respiration
Transpyloric plane passes thru?
Upper part of Hilum of right kidney;
Lower part of Hilum of left kidney
Shape and Measurements of Kidney
Length: 11 cm. (left kidney is slightly longer and narrower).
Width: 6 cm.
Thickness: (anteroposterior) 3 cm.
Weight: 150 g in males; 135 g in females.
External Features of Kidney
- Two poles (superior and inferior).
- Two surfaces (anterior and posterior).
- Two borders (medial and lateral).
- A hilum.
Poles : Superior Pole :
Thick; Nearer to median plane and related to Suprarenal gland
Poles : Inferior Pole :
Thin; Pointed, lies 2.5cms above iliac crest
Surfaces : Anterior Surface
Convex and faces anterolaterally
Surfaces : Posterior Surface
Flat and faces posteromedially
Borders : Medial Border
Convex above and below near the poles ; Concave in middle
Borders : Lateral Border
Convex
The medial border (central part) of the kidney presents a deep vertical slit called _____
Hilum
Which structures are transmitted thru Hilum
From Anterior to Posterior :
- Renal Vein
- Renal Artery
- Renal Pelvis
- Subsidiary Branch Of Renal Artery
Anterior Relations of Right Kidney
Rt. Suprarenal Gland Right Lobe of Liver 2nd Part Of Duodenum Hepatic Flexure Jejunum
Anterior Relations Of Kidneys :
Lft. Suprarenal Gland Spleen Stomach Pancreas Left colic flexure Jejunum
Posterior Relations Of Kidneys :
Same for both kidneys except ( Right is related to 1 rib whereas left is related to 2 ribs )
1. 4 Muscles : Diaphragm; Quadratus Lumborum; Psoas Major and Transversus Abdominis
- 3 Nerves : Subcostal ; iliohypogastric ; ilioinguinal
Kidney is surrounded by __ capsules/coverings :
4 From Inside to Outside 1. Fibrous Capsule ( True capsule ) 2. Perirenal fat 3. Renal Fascia ( False capsule ) 4. Pararenal Fat
The Fibrous capsule :
Thin membrane, closely invests the kidney; Formed by condenstion of fibrous connective tissue. Capsule passes thru hilum and line the renal sinus and is continous with walls of calyces
Renal Fascia is aka :
Fascia of Gerota
Fascia of Gerota consists of __ layers
2 layers :
- An ill-defined anterior layer ( Fascia of Toldt )
- Well defined posterior layer ( fascia of Zuckerkandl )
Marcoscopic Structure : When kidney is split longitudinally it presents :
Kidney Proper
Renal Sinus
Kidney Proper : Presents?
It presents outer cortex and inner medulla
Kidney Proper : Cortex : Location and Color
Located just below renal capsule and extends between renal pyramids as renal columns ( cols of Bertini ).
it is Pale Yellow
Kidney Proper : Medulla :
Medulla is composed of 5-11 Conical masses : Renal Pyramids ( Pyraminds of Malpighi ) whose apices form renal papillae which invaginate Minor Calyces
Renal Sinus :
It is a cavity of considerable size which opens at the medial border of kidney as hilus
Renal Sinus : Contents :
1.. Greater part of Renal Pelvis ; Major and Minor Calyces
2. Renal Vessels, lymphatics and nerves
3 Fat
Renal Sinus is LINED by :
Continuation of True Capsule
Microscopic Structure : Each kidney ___ no. of uriniferous tubules.
1 to 3 million
Each tubule consists of :
Nephron and Collecting tubules
Nephron :
It is structural and functional unit of kidney. Consists of glomerulus and tubule system.
Glomerulus : Tuft of capillaries surrounded by Bowmans capsule.
Tubular System : PCT , DCT , Loop Of Henle.
Collecting Tubules :
Begins from DCT and many dcts join to form collecting ducts which open into renal papilla.
Arterial Supply :
Renal artery derived directly from Abdominal Aorta
and in 30% Individuals Accessory Renal Artery
Arterial Supply : Renal Artery : Course and Branches :
Near hilum each renal artery divide to form Anterior and Posterior Branch;
Anterior Branch supply Apical, Upper, Middle and Lower Segments
Posterior Branch just supply the posterior segment
Each of the segmented arteries after supplying to renal sinus branch into lobar branches
Each lobar branch divide into Interlobar branches which pass thru renal columns b/w pyramids
Near base of pyramid it forms arcuate arteries which run parallel to which later gives out radial branches c/d
Interlobular branches
Venous Supply :
Renal vein which drains into Aorta
Lymphatic Drainage :
Para aortic nodes
