Kidney

Question 1

Location of kidneys :

Answer 1

Lie on posterior abdominal wall; either side of v. column at T12-L3 Vertebrae; Epigastric, Hypochondriac, Lumbar and Umbilical

Question 2

__ Kidney lies slightly lower level than __ one due to presence of liver

Answer 2

Right ; Left ; Liver

Question 3

___ Kidney is nearer to median plane

Answer 3

Left

Question 4

The long axes of kidneys are

Answer 4

Sightly oblique : Directed downwards and laterally making their upper poles nearer to each other than lower poles

Question 5

Both kidneys move downwards during ___

Answer 5

Respiration

Question 6

Transpyloric plane passes thru?

Answer 6

Upper part of Hilum of right kidney;

Lower part of Hilum of left kidney

Question 7

Shape and Measurements of Kidney

Answer 7

Length: 11 cm. (left kidney is slightly longer and narrower).
Width: 6 cm.
Thickness: (anteroposterior) 3 cm.
Weight: 150 g in males; 135 g in females.

Question 8

External Features of Kidney

Answer 8

1. Two poles (superior and inferior).
2. Two surfaces (anterior and posterior).
3. Two borders (medial and lateral).
4. A hilum.

Question 9

Poles : Superior Pole :

Answer 9

Thick; Nearer to median plane and related to Suprarenal gland

Question 10

Poles : Inferior Pole :

Answer 10

Thin; Pointed, lies 2.5cms above iliac crest

Question 11

Surfaces : Anterior Surface

Answer 11

Convex and faces anterolaterally

Question 12

Surfaces : Posterior Surface

Answer 12

Flat and faces posteromedially

Question 13

Borders : Medial Border

Answer 13

Convex above and below near the poles ; Concave in middle

Question 14

Borders : Lateral Border

Answer 14

Convex

Question 15

The medial border (central part) of the kidney presents a deep vertical slit called _____

Answer 15

Hilum

Question 16

Which structures are transmitted thru Hilum

Answer 16

From Anterior to Posterior :

1. Renal Vein
2. Renal Artery
3. Renal Pelvis
4. Subsidiary Branch Of Renal Artery

Question 17

Anterior Relations of Right Kidney

Answer 17

Rt. Suprarenal Gland
Right Lobe of Liver
2nd Part Of Duodenum
Hepatic Flexure
Jejunum

Question 18

Anterior Relations Of Kidneys :

Answer 18

Lft. Suprarenal Gland
Spleen
Stomach
Pancreas 
Left colic flexure 
Jejunum

Question 19

Posterior Relations Of Kidneys :

Answer 19

Same for both kidneys except ( Right is related to 1 rib whereas left is related to 2 ribs )
1. 4 Muscles : Diaphragm; Quadratus Lumborum; Psoas Major and Transversus Abdominis

2. 3 Nerves : Subcostal ; iliohypogastric ; ilioinguinal

Question 20

Kidney is surrounded by __ capsules/coverings :

Answer 20

4 
From Inside to Outside
1. Fibrous Capsule  ( True capsule ) 
2. Perirenal fat 
3. Renal Fascia ( False capsule ) 
4. Pararenal Fat

Question 21

The Fibrous capsule :

Answer 21

Thin membrane, closely invests the kidney; Formed by condenstion of fibrous connective tissue. Capsule passes thru hilum and line the renal sinus and is continous with walls of calyces

Question 22

Renal Fascia is aka :

Answer 22

Fascia of Gerota

Question 23

Fascia of Gerota consists of __ layers

Answer 23

2 layers :

1. An ill-defined anterior layer ( Fascia of Toldt )
2. Well defined posterior layer ( fascia of Zuckerkandl )

Question 24

Marcoscopic Structure : When kidney is split longitudinally it presents :

Answer 24

Kidney Proper

Renal Sinus

Question 25

Kidney Proper : Presents?

Answer 25

It presents outer cortex and inner medulla

Question 26

Kidney Proper : Cortex : Location and Color

Answer 26

Located just below renal capsule and extends between renal pyramids as renal columns ( cols of Bertini ).
it is Pale Yellow

Question 27

Kidney Proper : Medulla :

Answer 27

Medulla is composed of 5-11 Conical masses : Renal Pyramids ( Pyraminds of Malpighi ) whose apices form renal papillae which invaginate Minor Calyces

Question 28

Renal Sinus :

Answer 28

It is a cavity of considerable size which opens at the medial border of kidney as hilus

Question 29

Renal Sinus : Contents :

Answer 29

1.. Greater part of Renal Pelvis ; Major and Minor Calyces
2. Renal Vessels, lymphatics and nerves
3 Fat

Question 30

Renal Sinus is LINED by :

Answer 30

Continuation of True Capsule

Question 31

Microscopic Structure : Each kidney ___ no. of uriniferous tubules.

Answer 31

1 to 3 million

Question 32

Each tubule consists of :

Answer 32

Nephron and Collecting tubules

Question 33

Nephron :

Answer 33

It is structural and functional unit of kidney. Consists of glomerulus and tubule system.

Glomerulus : Tuft of capillaries surrounded by Bowmans capsule.

Tubular System : PCT , DCT , Loop Of Henle.

Question 34

Collecting Tubules :

Answer 34

Begins from DCT and many dcts join to form collecting ducts which open into renal papilla.

Question 35

Arterial Supply :

Answer 35

Renal artery derived directly from Abdominal Aorta

and in 30% Individuals Accessory Renal Artery

Question 36

Arterial Supply : Renal Artery : Course and Branches :

Answer 36

Near hilum each renal artery divide to form Anterior and Posterior Branch;
Anterior Branch supply Apical, Upper, Middle and Lower Segments
Posterior Branch just supply the posterior segment
Each of the segmented arteries after supplying to renal sinus branch into lobar branches
Each lobar branch divide into Interlobar branches which pass thru renal columns b/w pyramids
Near base of pyramid it forms arcuate arteries which run parallel to which later gives out radial branches c/d
Interlobular branches

Question 37

Venous Supply :

Answer 37

Renal vein which drains into Aorta

Question 38

Lymphatic Drainage :

Answer 38

Para aortic nodes