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Anatomy Of Abdomen > 3.b LAYERS OF THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL > Flashcards

3.b LAYERS OF THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL Flashcards

1
Q

ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL consists of how many layers

A

8 layers

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2
Q

8 layers of anterior abdominal wall are

A
  1. Skin.
  2. Superficial fascia.
  3. External oblique muscle.
  4. Internal oblique muscle.
  5. Transversus abdominis muscle.
  6. Fascia transversalis.
  7. Extraperitoneal tissue.
  8. Parietal layer of peritoneum
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3
Q

The skin of the anterior abdominal wall is _____ than posterior wall

A

Thinner and more

sensitive than the skin of the posterior abdominal wall

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4
Q

Visible Skin Creases/Lines on the Anterior Abdominal

Wall

A
  1. Midline furrow.
  2. Linea semilunaris
  3. Linea transversalis
  4. Line of venus
  5. Linea gravidarum
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5
Q

What are Langer’s lines

A

The cleavage lines in the anterior abdominal which wall run horizontally.

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6
Q

The abdominal incisions preferably should be given horizontally because?

A

As Langer’s lines are horizontal and hence wounds would heal without scaring

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7
Q

______ is the most obvious feature of the anterior

abdominal wall.

A

Umbilicus

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8
Q

What is Umbilicus and how is it formed

A

Normal puckered scar in the anterior

abdominal wall representing the site of attachment of the umbilical cord in the fetus.

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9
Q

Position of umbilicus in Adults

A

At the level of intervertebral disc between L3 and L4 vertebrae.

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10
Q

Position of umbilicus in newborns

A

Slightly at a lower level due to poorly

developed pelvic region.

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11
Q

Position of umbilicus in Old People

A

Comes down to lower level due to diminished

tone of the abdominal muscles.

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12
Q

Umbilicus indicates which level of Dermatome

A

T10 dermatome, i.e., skin around the umbilicus is supplied by the 10th spinal segment

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13
Q

Umbilicus is one of the important sites of

A

Portocaval anastomosis

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14
Q

The level of umbilicus serves as?

A

Water-shed line for venous and lymphatic drainage. The venous blood and lymph flow upward above the level of the umbilicus and downward below the level of the umbilicus.

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15
Q

Embryological Significance of umbilicus?

A

It is the meeting point of four folds of embryonic plate

e.g., two lateral folds, head fold, and tail fold

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16
Q

The 4 important embryological remnants

at the umbilicus are?

A
  1. Ligamentum teres (remnant of left umbilical vein).
  2. Two medial umbilical ligaments (remnant of umbilical arteries)
  3. Median umbilical ligament (remnant of urachus)
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17
Q

Failure of vitello-intestinal duct to obliterate results in?

A

Faecal fistula at the umbilicus

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18
Q

Failure of urachus to obliterate leads to

A

Urinary fistula at the umbilicus.

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19
Q

Failure of midgut loop to return in the abdominal cavity results in

A

Exomphalos

20
Q

Congenital umbilical hernia

A

The intestine protrudes through the umbilicus

due to weakness of umbilical scar.

21
Q

Umbilicus by clinicians is considered as

A

Hot-bed of embryology

22
Q

The superficial fascia contains a _____ amount of fat

A

Variable.

Maximum in the lower half of the anterior abdominal wall

23
Q

Layers of superficial fascia above the line connecting ASIS?

A

One

24
Q

Layers of superficial fascia below the line connecting ASIS?

A

Two.

  1. Superficial fatty layer (Camper’s fascia)
  2. Deep membranous layer (Scarpa’s fascia).
25
Q

What structures are between Superficial fascia?

A

Superficial epigastric,
Circumflex iliac,
External pudendal vessels, and
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes.

26
Q

Camper’s fascia is devoid of fat in

A

Over the penis

27
Q

Camper’s fascia in scrotum is replaced by

A

Drtos muscle

28
Q

Scarpa’s Fascia contains which type of fibres

A

Elastic Fibers

29
Q

In the midline Scarpa’s fascia is attached to?

A

Linea alba.

30
Q

On each side Scarpa’s fascia is separated by oblique abdominal muscles by?

A

Loose alreolar tissue

31
Q

Scarpa’s fascia crosses the inguinal ligament and gets attached to

A

Fascia Lata of Thigh below and parallel to ligament

32
Q

Scarpa’s fascia goes around the penis upto the base of glans to form?

A

Fascia of the penis

Buck’s fascia

33
Q

Scarpa’s fascia continue with the superficial fascia of perineum -

A

Colle’s Fascia

34
Q

The skin of the anterior abdominal wall is supplied by the

A

Almost Entirely supplied by : Lower six thoracic nerves through intercostal and subcostal nerves

Inferior most portion : First lumbar nerve through the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves.

35
Q

Number of anterior cutaneous nerves

A

7

36
Q

Anterior cutaneous nerves are derived from

A

Lower five intercostal, subcostal, and iliohypogastric

nerves.

37
Q

Anterior cutaneous nerves pierce the anterior wall of the rectus sheath and divide into

A

Medial and Lateral branches

38
Q

The lateral cutaneous branches from

A

Lower two intercostal nerves, subcostal & iliohypogastric

39
Q

Lateral cutaneous nerves from intercostal nerves emerge from External intercostal muscles and divide into

A
  1. Large Anterior branch

2. Small posterior branch

40
Q

The lateral cutaneous branches of subcostal and

iliohypogastric nerves supply

A

The upper anterior part of the gluteal region.

41
Q

Cutaneous arteries of anterior abdominal wall?

A

A. Anterior cutaneous arteries which are the branches of superior and inferior epigastric ateries

B. Lateral cutaneous arteries which are the branches of posterior intercostal arteries

C. Three superficial inguinal arteries are the three superficial branches of femoral artery

42
Q

The three superficial inguinal arteries are?

A
  1. The superficial external pudendal artery
  2. The superficial epigastric artery
  3. The superficial circumflex iliac artery
43
Q

Cutaneous veins of anterior abdominal wall accompanies which structure?

A

Cutaneous arteries

44
Q

Where do the Cutaneous veins of anterior abdominal wall drain?

A

Below The Umbilicus : They run down and drain into great saphenous vein

Above The Umbilicus : They run upward and drain into Axillary vein

45
Q

Cutaneous lymph vessels of anterior abdominal wall drain into?

A

Above the umbilicus : Anterior/Pectoral group of Axillary Lymph Nodes

Below the Umbilicus : Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Anatomy Of Abdomen (9 decks)

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