3.b LAYERS OF THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL

Question 1

ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL consists of how many layers

Answer 1

8 layers

Question 2

8 layers of anterior abdominal wall are

Answer 2

1. Skin.
2. Superficial fascia.
3. External oblique muscle.
4. Internal oblique muscle.
5. Transversus abdominis muscle.
6. Fascia transversalis.
7. Extraperitoneal tissue.
8. Parietal layer of peritoneum

Question 3

The skin of the anterior abdominal wall is _____ than posterior wall

Answer 3

Thinner and more

sensitive than the skin of the posterior abdominal wall

Question 4

Visible Skin Creases/Lines on the Anterior Abdominal

Wall

Answer 4

1. Midline furrow.
2. Linea semilunaris
3. Linea transversalis
4. Line of venus
5. Linea gravidarum

Question 5

What are Langer’s lines

Answer 5

The cleavage lines in the anterior abdominal which wall run horizontally.

Question 6

The abdominal incisions preferably should be given horizontally because?

Answer 6

As Langer’s lines are horizontal and hence wounds would heal without scaring

Question 7

______ is the most obvious feature of the anterior

abdominal wall.

Answer 7

Umbilicus

Question 8

What is Umbilicus and how is it formed

Answer 8

Normal puckered scar in the anterior

abdominal wall representing the site of attachment of the umbilical cord in the fetus.

Question 9

Position of umbilicus in Adults

Answer 9

At the level of intervertebral disc between L3 and L4 vertebrae.

Question 10

Position of umbilicus in newborns

Answer 10

Slightly at a lower level due to poorly

developed pelvic region.

Question 11

Position of umbilicus in Old People

Answer 11

Comes down to lower level due to diminished

tone of the abdominal muscles.

Question 12

Umbilicus indicates which level of Dermatome

Answer 12

T10 dermatome, i.e., skin around the umbilicus is supplied by the 10th spinal segment

Question 13

Umbilicus is one of the important sites of

Answer 13

Portocaval anastomosis

Question 14

The level of umbilicus serves as?

Answer 14

Water-shed line for venous and lymphatic drainage. The venous blood and lymph flow upward above the level of the umbilicus and downward below the level of the umbilicus.

Question 15

Embryological Significance of umbilicus?

Answer 15

It is the meeting point of four folds of embryonic plate

e.g., two lateral folds, head fold, and tail fold

Question 16

The 4 important embryological remnants

at the umbilicus are?

Answer 16

1. Ligamentum teres (remnant of left umbilical vein).
2. Two medial umbilical ligaments (remnant of umbilical arteries)
3. Median umbilical ligament (remnant of urachus)

Question 17

Failure of vitello-intestinal duct to obliterate results in?

Answer 17

Faecal fistula at the umbilicus

Question 18

Failure of urachus to obliterate leads to

Answer 18

Urinary fistula at the umbilicus.

Question 19

Failure of midgut loop to return in the abdominal cavity results in

Answer 19

Exomphalos

Question 20

Congenital umbilical hernia

Answer 20

The intestine protrudes through the umbilicus

due to weakness of umbilical scar.

Question 21

Umbilicus by clinicians is considered as

Answer 21

Hot-bed of embryology

Question 22

The superficial fascia contains a _____ amount of fat

Answer 22

Variable.

Maximum in the lower half of the anterior abdominal wall

Question 23

Layers of superficial fascia above the line connecting ASIS?

Answer 23

One

Question 24

Layers of superficial fascia below the line connecting ASIS?

Answer 24

Two.

1. Superficial fatty layer (Camper’s fascia)
2. Deep membranous layer (Scarpa’s fascia).

Question 25

What structures are between Superficial fascia?

Answer 25

Superficial epigastric, Circumflex iliac, External pudendal vessels, and Superficial inguinal lymph nodes.

Question 26

Camper's fascia is devoid of fat in

Answer 26

Over the penis

Question 27

Camper's fascia in scrotum is replaced by

Answer 27

Drtos muscle

Question 28

Scarpa’s Fascia contains which type of fibres

Answer 28

Elastic Fibers

Question 29

In the midline Scarpa's fascia is attached to?

Answer 29

Linea alba.

Question 30

On each side Scarpa's fascia is separated by oblique abdominal muscles by?

Answer 30

Loose alreolar tissue

Question 31

Scarpa's fascia crosses the inguinal ligament and gets attached to

Answer 31

Fascia Lata of Thigh below and parallel to ligament

Question 32

Scarpa's fascia goes around the penis upto the base of glans to form?

Answer 32

Fascia of the penis | Buck’s fascia

Question 33

Scarpa's fascia continue with the superficial fascia of perineum -

Answer 33

Colle's Fascia

Question 34

The skin of the anterior abdominal wall is supplied by the

Answer 34

Almost Entirely supplied by : Lower six thoracic nerves through intercostal and subcostal nerves Inferior most portion : First lumbar nerve through the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves.

Question 35

Number of anterior cutaneous nerves

Answer 35

7

Question 36

Anterior cutaneous nerves are derived from

Answer 36

Lower five intercostal, subcostal, and iliohypogastric | nerves.

Question 37

Anterior cutaneous nerves pierce the anterior wall of the rectus sheath and divide into

Answer 37

Medial and Lateral branches

Question 38

The lateral cutaneous branches from

Answer 38

Lower two intercostal nerves, subcostal & iliohypogastric

Question 39

Lateral cutaneous nerves from intercostal nerves emerge from External intercostal muscles and divide into

Answer 39

1. Large Anterior branch | 2. Small posterior branch

Question 40

The lateral cutaneous branches of subcostal and | iliohypogastric nerves supply

Answer 40

The upper anterior part of the gluteal region.

Question 41

Cutaneous arteries of anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 41

A. Anterior cutaneous arteries which are the branches of superior and inferior epigastric ateries B. Lateral cutaneous arteries which are the branches of posterior intercostal arteries C. Three superficial inguinal arteries are the three superficial branches of femoral artery

Question 42

The three superficial inguinal arteries are?

Answer 42

1. The superficial external pudendal artery 2. The superficial epigastric artery 3. The superficial circumflex iliac artery

Question 43

Cutaneous veins of anterior abdominal wall accompanies which structure?

Answer 43

Cutaneous arteries

Question 44

Where do the Cutaneous veins of anterior abdominal wall drain?

Answer 44

Below The Umbilicus : They run down and drain into great saphenous vein Above The Umbilicus : They run upward and drain into Axillary vein

Question 45

Cutaneous lymph vessels of anterior abdominal wall drain into?

Answer 45

Above the umbilicus : Anterior/Pectoral group of Axillary Lymph Nodes Below the Umbilicus : Superficial inguinal lymph nodes