3.b LAYERS OF THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL Flashcards
ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL consists of how many layers
8 layers
8 layers of anterior abdominal wall are
- Skin.
- Superficial fascia.
- External oblique muscle.
- Internal oblique muscle.
- Transversus abdominis muscle.
- Fascia transversalis.
- Extraperitoneal tissue.
- Parietal layer of peritoneum
The skin of the anterior abdominal wall is _____ than posterior wall
Thinner and more
sensitive than the skin of the posterior abdominal wall
Visible Skin Creases/Lines on the Anterior Abdominal
Wall
- Midline furrow.
- Linea semilunaris
- Linea transversalis
- Line of venus
- Linea gravidarum
What are Langer’s lines
The cleavage lines in the anterior abdominal which wall run horizontally.
The abdominal incisions preferably should be given horizontally because?
As Langer’s lines are horizontal and hence wounds would heal without scaring
______ is the most obvious feature of the anterior
abdominal wall.
Umbilicus
What is Umbilicus and how is it formed
Normal puckered scar in the anterior
abdominal wall representing the site of attachment of the umbilical cord in the fetus.
Position of umbilicus in Adults
At the level of intervertebral disc between L3 and L4 vertebrae.
Position of umbilicus in newborns
Slightly at a lower level due to poorly
developed pelvic region.
Position of umbilicus in Old People
Comes down to lower level due to diminished
tone of the abdominal muscles.
Umbilicus indicates which level of Dermatome
T10 dermatome, i.e., skin around the umbilicus is supplied by the 10th spinal segment
Umbilicus is one of the important sites of
Portocaval anastomosis
The level of umbilicus serves as?
Water-shed line for venous and lymphatic drainage. The venous blood and lymph flow upward above the level of the umbilicus and downward below the level of the umbilicus.
Embryological Significance of umbilicus?
It is the meeting point of four folds of embryonic plate
e.g., two lateral folds, head fold, and tail fold
The 4 important embryological remnants
at the umbilicus are?
- Ligamentum teres (remnant of left umbilical vein).
- Two medial umbilical ligaments (remnant of umbilical arteries)
- Median umbilical ligament (remnant of urachus)
Failure of vitello-intestinal duct to obliterate results in?
Faecal fistula at the umbilicus
Failure of urachus to obliterate leads to
Urinary fistula at the umbilicus.
Failure of midgut loop to return in the abdominal cavity results in
Exomphalos
Congenital umbilical hernia
The intestine protrudes through the umbilicus
due to weakness of umbilical scar.
Umbilicus by clinicians is considered as
Hot-bed of embryology
The superficial fascia contains a _____ amount of fat
Variable.
Maximum in the lower half of the anterior abdominal wall
Layers of superficial fascia above the line connecting ASIS?
One
Layers of superficial fascia below the line connecting ASIS?
Two.
- Superficial fatty layer (Camper’s fascia)
- Deep membranous layer (Scarpa’s fascia).
What structures are between Superficial fascia?
Superficial epigastric,
Circumflex iliac,
External pudendal vessels, and
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes.
Camper’s fascia is devoid of fat in
Over the penis
Camper’s fascia in scrotum is replaced by
Drtos muscle
Scarpa’s Fascia contains which type of fibres
Elastic Fibers
In the midline Scarpa’s fascia is attached to?
Linea alba.
On each side Scarpa’s fascia is separated by oblique abdominal muscles by?
Loose alreolar tissue
Scarpa’s fascia crosses the inguinal ligament and gets attached to
Fascia Lata of Thigh below and parallel to ligament
Scarpa’s fascia goes around the penis upto the base of glans to form?
Fascia of the penis
Buck’s fascia
Scarpa’s fascia continue with the superficial fascia of perineum -
Colle’s Fascia
The skin of the anterior abdominal wall is supplied by the
Almost Entirely supplied by : Lower six thoracic nerves through intercostal and subcostal nerves
Inferior most portion : First lumbar nerve through the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves.
Number of anterior cutaneous nerves
7
Anterior cutaneous nerves are derived from
Lower five intercostal, subcostal, and iliohypogastric
nerves.
Anterior cutaneous nerves pierce the anterior wall of the rectus sheath and divide into
Medial and Lateral branches
The lateral cutaneous branches from
Lower two intercostal nerves, subcostal & iliohypogastric
Lateral cutaneous nerves from intercostal nerves emerge from External intercostal muscles and divide into
- Large Anterior branch
2. Small posterior branch
The lateral cutaneous branches of subcostal and
iliohypogastric nerves supply
The upper anterior part of the gluteal region.
Cutaneous arteries of anterior abdominal wall?
A. Anterior cutaneous arteries which are the branches of superior and inferior epigastric ateries
B. Lateral cutaneous arteries which are the branches of posterior intercostal arteries
C. Three superficial inguinal arteries are the three superficial branches of femoral artery
The three superficial inguinal arteries are?
- The superficial external pudendal artery
- The superficial epigastric artery
- The superficial circumflex iliac artery
Cutaneous veins of anterior abdominal wall accompanies which structure?
Cutaneous arteries
Where do the Cutaneous veins of anterior abdominal wall drain?
Below The Umbilicus : They run down and drain into great saphenous vein
Above The Umbilicus : They run upward and drain into Axillary vein
Cutaneous lymph vessels of anterior abdominal wall drain into?
Above the umbilicus : Anterior/Pectoral group of Axillary Lymph Nodes
Below the Umbilicus : Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
