Khilafat movement

Question 1

The Khilafat movement failed by 1924 because of poor leadership. Do you agree?

Answer 1

• imprisonment of Ali brothers 1921
• joining with Hindus & Gandhi made objectives less clear (became swaraj & anti-British movement)
• Hindus did not have Muslim interest at heart (movement called off 1921 Chauri Chara movement)

Question 2

Why was the khilafat movement founded?

Answer 2

Treaty of Sevres:
-after WW1 the ottoman member faced dismemberment due to the treaty of Sevres
-Maulana Muhammad Ali & Shaukat Ali founded a movement to protect it
Turkey:
-turkey was in high regard & Caliph
-Muslims believed the west was waging wars against Islam to rob it of its power
- Ottoman Empire was the only Muslim power that had maintained a semblance of authority India wanted to save the Islamic political power from extinction
Caliph:
-recognised Caliph as their ruler as they had no sovereign ruler
-muslims supported Turks decision to fight against Europe in the war

Question 3

what happened to the khilaftat in 1924?

Answer 3

• Mustafa Kemal Attaturk
• established modern democratic government in Turkey with an elected parliament
• no place for a caliph so he was deposed and exiled in 1924
• Muslims had nothing to fight for so KM ends

Question 4

what was the moplah uprising?

Answer 4

• August 1921
• agrarian riots in Nilambur
• Moplah peasants revolted against Hindu landlord’s oppressive policies (that were in alliance with the British)
• Landlords redistributed lands and Moplahs rose n revolt
• battle killed several Europeans and 4000 Moplahs were killed and many injured
• Moplah train tragedy in which 100 Moplahs were transported in a small cabin by rail
• 66 suffocated and 34 on the verge of collapse
• affected Hindu-Muslim unity

Question 5

what was the hijrat movement?

Answer 5

• an offshoot of the khilafat movement that failed badly
• 1921
• ulemas declared India dar-ul-harb
• Muslims were told to move to an independent Muslim country
• 18000 Muslims (mostly NWFP) sold belongings and migrated to Afghanistan
• at first, they were let in but after some time the Afghan government did not allow entry
• left penniless & homeless and were not able to continue KM

Question 6

what was the chauri chara incident?

Answer 6

• noncooperation movement launched alongside the khilafat movement in 1920
• Hindus & Muslims protested together
• 1922 protest in a small town called Chauri Chara
• became violent and a police station was burnt and 22 policemen died
• Gandhi called off the movement as it became violent
• Muslims were not consulted and became discouraged by the loss of congress support

Question 7

reasons for failure of the khilafat movement?

Answer 7

main reason:
-abolition of the caliphate by Turks (Mustafa Kemal Ataturk)
other reasons:
-Chauri Chara incident & loss of congress support
-Congress had its own objectives
-hijrat movement
-Moplah uprising & train tragedy
-leaders (Ali brothers 1921) & 3000 protesters arrested
-unrealistic movement (turkey doesn’t care about what happens in India)