1940 - 47

Question 1

Lahore resolution!

Answer 1

• 1940 22 march
• Minto park
• Jinnah’s address
• Muslim majority provinces (in NW & E) should be grouped to form an independent Muslim state
• all Muslims united under an objective (despite opposition)
• ML became a true Muslim representative
• Jinnah became the spokesperson for Muslims
• importance of ML increased

MOST IMP FACTOR IN PARTITION

• basis of future decisions
• only proper solution for India

Question 2

Cripps mission?

Answer 2

• 1942, WW2 going on
• Sir Stafford Cripps sent to negotiate Indian help for the War, in exchange for power transfer after it ended (constitution & dominion).
• provinces wishing to leave Union can vote to leave.
• 1935 Constitution was implemented until then.
• Commander in Chief of army & financial leader would be British until the end of the war
• accepted or rejected as a whole (congress & ML)

Question 3

Failure of Cripps mission? Importance?

Answer 3

-mention what it is
FAILURE
-Both ML and Congress reject
-Congress: immediate power transfer (Gandhi & Nehru remarks), rejected provinces leaving India, H-M issue solved later
-ML: no assurance of proper Muslim representation In gov, No clear Pakistan
-weakness of British
-no timeframe for WW2 to end
IMPORTANCE
-British had to leave
-the possibility of a partition
-foundation for Partition

Question 4

Quit India movement?

Answer 4

• 1942
• Gandhi’s addressed at Allahabad
• Threat of Japan invading India (one master to another)
• called widespread protest for the British to leave India
• Gandhi and supporters arrested
• widespread riots and loss of British control
• violent action by British suppressed revolt

-ML did not support it but sheltered activities and provided financial

Question 5

Gandhi Jinnah talks? failure?

Answer 5

-1944
-Gandhi negotiated with ML on equal footing
-main differences:
1-Gandhi wanted independence first and partition after British left. Jinnah knew his bargaining position would be weaker if he agreed.
2-Gandhi insisted he spoke for all of Indians and muslims could nit be separate nation. Jinnah opposed it
3-jinnah accused him of speaking for Hindus only and claimed gandhi did not believe in TNT (all muslims are hindu converts thus they are not a separate nation)
4-Gandhi wanted Central gov (defense, foriegn relations) Jinnah wanted this to be sttled by provinces

Question 6

Gandhi Jinnah talks? failure?

Answer 6

-1944 bombay
-Gandhi negotiated with ML on equal footing
-main differences:
1-Gandhi wanted independence first and partition after the British left. Jinnah knew his bargaining position would be weaker if he agreed.
2-Gandhi insisted he spoke for all Indians and Muslims could not be a separate nation. Jinnah opposed it
3-Jinnah accused him of speaking for Hindus only and claimed Gandhi did not believe in TNT (all Muslims are Hindu converts thus they are not a separate nation)
4-Gandhi wanted a Central gov (defense, foreign relations) Jinnah wanted this to be settled by provinces

Question 7

Wavell plan/Simla conference?

Answer 7

• 1945 June (end of WW2)
• Lord Wavell
• executive council set up with all subjects (except defense)
• equal Hindu & Muslim numbers
• first-time subjects like foreign affairs & finance in Indian control
• equal seats rejected by congress, wanted at least one Muslim seat (Muslims in congress party)
• Jinnah refused (ML represents Muslims) only ML has right
• no partition in agenda
• FAILURE

Question 8

Cabinet Mission?

Answer 8

• 1946
• solution to handing power to Indians
• division of India into 3 parts (Hindu majority, Muslim majority, and Bengal/Orissa)
• own constitution for each
• central government for defense, foreign affairs & communication
• provinces could vote to join

FAILED

• Congress declared it was not bound to follow the plan after the British left
• Direct action day

Question 9

Direct action day

Answer 9

• 16th August 1946
• great Calcutta riot
• widespread peaceful protest for Muslims to partition announced by Jinnah
• became violent in Calcutta ad ML supporters attacked non-Muslims and they retaliated
• In 72 hours, 4,000 people lost their lives, and 100,000 residents of Calcutta were left homeless
• spread to: Noakhali, Bihar, United Province, Punjab, and the NWFP
• week of the long knives
• forced the partition to occur

Question 10

3rd June plan?

Answer 10

• 1947
• Mountbatten
• plan for the British to leave India
• India and Pakistan
• The government of India Act 1935 to be constitution of both countries
• Each state to have Dominion status, an Executive responsible to Constituent Assembly
• Muslim majority provinces to vote on whether to stay with India or join Pakistan
• Punjab and Bengal divided

-Muslims accepted the plan, which meant 7 weeks to partition as announced