Key Terms- Human Reproduction

Question 1

Reproduction

Answer 1

the process of producing offspring

Question 2

Asexual reproduction

Answer 2

Involves 1 parent
Produces identical offspring
No genetic variation
Uses mitosis 
Starfish, potatoes, some plants

Question 3

Sexual

Answer 3

2 parents
Non identical offspring
Genetic variation between offspring
Uses meiosis (cells division that produces gametes)
Humans, mammals, some plants

Question 4

Gametes

Answer 4

Sex cells
E.G male human = sperm cell
Female human = egg cell/ ovum

Question 5

Fertilisation

Answer 5

The fusion of gametes to produce offspring

Question 6

Zygote

Answer 6

Fertilised egg

Question 7

Internal fertilisation

Answer 7

Occurs within female, male cells deposited close to female cells, by copulation (sexual intercourse)
+
Protection from outside environment e.g predators so higher chance of survival till birth
Can be more selective of mate
-
Harder for male + female intimate contact
Limited amount of offspring produced at one time

Question 8

External fertilisation

Answer 8

When eggs and sperm are released close to each other, outside the body of either parent. Have to come together to produce new cell
+
Increases chance of gametes meeting
Easier to find mates as the gametes can drift eg by wind or water
More genetic variation
Larger amount of offspring being produced
-
Less chance of survival till birth in danger of predators
Large amounts gametes go unfertilised/ wasted

Question 9

Development

Answer 9

Once fertilised, the new organism has to develop - growing - from a single cell
Can happen internally/externally

Question 10

Internal Development

Answer 10

+
The developing organism gets lots of nutrients from parent
Higher chance of survival e.g safe from predators
Able to learn from parents/ large parental commitment
-
Limited offspring can develop at one time
Offspring rely on getting nutrients from parents
Humans, sea horses

Question 11

External Development

Answer 11

+
Large numbers, larger chance of some surviving
Less parental commitment e.g offspring can still live when parents die
-
Have to fend for themselves e.g predators
Competition for nutrients

Question 12

Embryo

Answer 12

A zygote that has begun cell division , and to describe the early stages of fetal growth, to the eight week of pregnancy